Acarinina bullbrooki Bolli 1957 from: Pearson, P.N.Olsson, R.K.Hemleben, C.Huber, B.T.Berggren, W.A. (2006): Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513 | . |
Notice: This catalogue page may contain unedited data.
|
Species Acarinina bullbrooki Bolli 1957 |
|
|
|
| Diagnosis / Definition: |
Pearson et al. (2006):
DESCRTPTION.
Type of wall: Strongly muricate, non-spinose,
normal perforate.
Test morphology: Quadrate, low-trochospiral; 4
inflated, moderately embracing, hemispherical chambers
in last whorl; intercameral sutures radial, straight,
depressed; umbilicus narrow to moderately wide in some
(usually) younger forms, no circumumbilical rim of
concentrated muricae; aperture a low, rimmed opening
extending towards, but not reaching, the periphery; spiral
side with lunate shaped chambers distributed in 2-2 1/2 whorls; small, discrete opening(s) are observed rarely
on well-preserved individuals; sutures weakly curved;
edge view rounded to subangular; moderate marginall
peripheral concentration of muricae gives impression of
pseudocarina in some instances.
Size: Maximum diameter of holotype 0.43 mm,
thickness 0.32 mm. |
| Discussion / Comments: |
Toumarkine & Luterbacher (1985):
Acarinina bullbrooki differs from A.spinuloinflata by a flatter spiral side, a much more conical umbilical side and more subangular chambers which increase more rapidly in size. The general shape of the test is more quadrangular. Globorotalia (Acarinina) matthewsae Blow, 1979 (Figs. 29.11-13) is very close to A. bullbrooki but has a less flat spiral side, a less conical umbilical side and a more rounded periphery in side view, but nevertheless its periphery is not as rounded as in A. spinuloinflata.
Pearson et al. (2006):
DISTINGUlSHlNG FEATURES.-
Acarinina
bullbrooki is distinguished by its (sub)quadrate test,
closely appressed and embracing chambers, rounded to
subangular periphery, and weak to moderate murical
concentration on the pcriphery. It differs from A.
praetopilensis and related forms in having less incised
sutures, generally smaller muricae, and by populations
generally being approximately randomly coiled.
DISCUSSION.-
Subbotina (1947, p. 129, pls. 8, 9;
1953, p. 223, pl. 21) was one of the first to recognize
and illustrate the plexus of late early to middle Eocene
acarininids now associated with the bullbrooki and
punctocarinata group. She referred a suite of specimens
(pl. 2 1, f gs. l a-7c) to the Pliocene-Holocene taxon
crassaformis. The illustrated forms would appear to be
referable to A. wilcoxensis/quetra (pl. 21, figs. la-c) from
the G. marginodentata Subzone (lower Eocene); A.
decepta (pl. 21, figs. 2a-3c; see Blow, 1979, pl. 149,
figs. 1-7; pl. 154 (from the lower Eocene Zone of conical
globorotaliids); Acarinina bullbrooki (pl. 21, figs. 4ac)
from the Zone of conical globorotaliids; A. quetra
(pl. 21, figs. 5a-c) fiom the lower part of the Zone of
acarininids, middle Eocene; Acarininaprivzitiva (pl. 2 1,
figs. 7a-c) from the upper middle Eocene Lyrolepis
caucasica Beds, Zone of thin-walled pelagic
foraminifera; and an apparent morozovelloidid referable
to Morozovelloides crassatus (pl. 21, figs. 6a-c (from the Zone of thin-walled pelagic foraminifera [~l= Zone
P 141).
The status of this taxon has long remained in
limbo because of the uncertainty surrounding the generic
identity of the holotype of Globorotalia bullbrooki Bolli
and its uncertain relationship with Pulvinulina crassata
var. densa Cushman (see discussion in Blow, 1979).
Pessagno (1 961) suggested that Globorotalia bullbrooki
Bolli should be considered a junior synonym of densa,
based on examination of the primary types at the USNM,
a viewpoint accepted by Berggren (1 966, l 968, 1977).
Blow (1979, p. 9 15) noted that although he had made a
cursory examination of the holotype of densa during a
visit the U.S. National Museum in 1965 it was not found
during a subsequent visit to the museum in May 1970
and presumed to be missing, a view seemingly confirmed
in a subsequent letter to Blow from the then curator
Richard Cifelli that the holotype of densa was indeed
"not in our collections and I have no knowledge of it"
(letter by Cifelli to Blow, 15th September 1970). Blow
(1 979: 9 15) suggested that unless the holotype was found
it would be better to consider densa a nomen non
conservandum, because of its similar appearance to
decepta Martin, praetopilensis Blow, and pseudotopilensis
Subbotina and the fact that it might be referable
to either bullbrooki or any one of these three forms.
Enigmatically the holotype of densa (Cushman
Collection 3027) was described and redrawn only two
years later by Cifelli (1972). The specimen appears to
exhibit a beaded peripheral keel, hallmark of a
morozovellid rather than an acarininid. Although poorly preserved, we have illustrated the holotype in SEM and
have assigned it (questionably) to Morozovelloides
crassatus (see Pearson and Berggren, Chapter 10, this
volume).
The holotype of bullbrooki (USNM P5742) has
a subangular peripheral margin and lacks a peripheral
muricocarina. The paratype of bullbrooki (USNM
P5743) is somewhat smaller and has a subrounded
periphery in edge view. Toumarkine and Bolli have deposited a suite of specimens of bullbrooki in the
Cushman Collection at the USNM from Site 313 of
DSDP Leg 32 which includes individuals with muricate
(but unkeeled) peripheral margins varying fi-om angulate
to subangular to subrounded, reinforcing the
understanding that Bolli included a wide range of
variation in his concept of hullbrooki, an interpretation
which we follow here.
Blow (1979, p. 926-928) treated the taxon
Acarinina decepta (Martin) in some detail, the essential
features of which are listed below:
l ) Acarinina decepta was interpreted as ancestral to A.
matthewsae by way of intermediate morphotypes of
A. nitida;
2) A. decepta is distinguished from its ancestor A.
pseudotopilensis by a slight increase in the number
of chambers in the last whorl, reduction in the
tangential elongation of the later chambers and in
having a more quadrag (as opposed to lobulate)
peripheral outline;
3) The morphotypes decepta and nitida lie at the early
end of the morphogenesis that leads from
pseudotopilensis to matthewsae;
4) A. decepta also forms a link between A.
pseudotopilensis and A. cuneicamerata;
5) A. pseudotopilensis evolved into the angulate A.
topilensis without passing through a "decepta" intermediate stage; in similar fashion A.
pseudotopilensis evolved into A. bullbrooki at
stratigraphic levels prior to the "decepta/nitida" morphotypes;
6) The name decepta serves as a useful means of recognizing the complex of forms from which the extreme end members matthewsae and cuneicamerata differentiate from the pseudotopilensis rootstock.
The various illustrations provided by Blow (1979) of
the taxa cited above do point to the intermediate nature
of the morphology of A. decepta. Reference to the
illustrations of Martin (1943, pl. 7) and Blow (1979, pls.
149, 154) suggest closest affinities of decepta with
bullbrooki (compare Blow, 1979, pl. 149, fig. 4 with
Blow, 1979, pl. 155, fig. 6, for example). In this work
we have included A. matthewsae as a junior synonym of
A. bullbrooki. In view of the intermediate morphologies
expressed in A. decepta and its enigmatic affinities we
include A. decepta here provisionally as a dubious prior
synonym of A. bullbrooki.
Globigerina spinuloinflata Bandy, 1949 has
long been considered a junior synonym of either densa
or a senior synonym of bullbrooki as Bandy (1964, p. 6)
pointed out. (Re)illustration / drawing of the holotype
of spinuloinflata Bandy by Cifelli (1972) shows marked
similarities with bullbrooki, even though Cifelli called
attention to the somewhat more rounded periphery of
spinuloinflata in edge view as did Toumarkine and Bolli
(1975, p. 130). We have been able to illustrate the
holotype of Globigerina spinuloinflata Bandy from the
Tallahatta Formation ofAlabama. While it is difficult to
place this form, we believe it may be conspecific with
bullbrooki as Bandy proposed, in which case it could be
regarded as the senior synonym. We retain bullbrooki,
however, in the interests of nomenclatural stability,
because in contrast to spinuloinflata, bullbrooki is a wellknown
form with historically consistent usage in the
works of Bolli and coauthors and the holotype of spinuloinflata is not a common or central morphotype among the middle Eocene acarininids that have historically been referred to bullbrooki. Acarinina bullbrooki is a widely used taxon in middle Eocene biostratigraphy. However, its biostratigraphic utility has been somewhat compromised
by uncertainty regarding its taxonomic affinities. With the recognition that densa, decepta, and spinuloinflata
cannot be definitively placed, the biostratigraphic utility
of bullbrooki can now be re-established.
PHYLOGENETTC RELATIONSHIPS.-
Probably evolved from A. boudreauxi (in Zone E7).
STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE.-
ZONE E7 to Zone E l l.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.-
Cosmopolitan distribution (see synomy above).
STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOBIOLOGY.-
Boersma and others (1987) and Pearson and others (1993,2001) record this species as having isotope ratios indicative of a surface mixed layer habitat. |
| Systematics: |
1
Superregnum Eukaryota
Regnum Protoctista
Phylum Ciliophora
Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora
Ordo Globigerinida
Superfamilia Globorotaliaceae
Superfamilia Nonionacea
Familia Truncorotaloididae
Genus Acarinina
Species Acarinina bullbrooki
15
Classis Foraminifera
Genus Acarinina
Species Acarinina bullbrooki
35
Ordo Foraminiferida
Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
Familia Truncorotaloididae
Genus Acarinina
Species Acarinina bullbrooki
|
| Synonym list: |
Toumarkine & Luterbacher (1985):
Pearson et al. (2006):
? 1943 Globigerina decepta Martin. - Martin : p.114 pl. 7; fig. 2a-c [lower
Eocene, Lodo Fm, Fresno Co., California]
? 1949 Globigerina spinuloinflata Bandy. - Bandy : p.122 pl. 23; fig. 1a-c [Tallahatta Fm., Claiborne Group, Little Stave Creek,
Clarke County, Alabama]
p 1953 Globorotalia crassaformis Galloway & Wissler. - Subbotina : p.223 pl. 21; fig. 4a-c [Zone of
conical globorotaliids, Green Group, Kuban River, North
Caucasus]; [Not Galloway and Wissler, 1927]
1957 Globorotalia bullbrooki Bolli. - Bolli : p.167 pl. 38; fig. 4a-c and 5a-b (holotype) [Zone P10, Navet Fm., Trinidad]
1960 Globorotalia densa Cushman. - Pessagno : p.99 pl. 5, fig. 3 [south-west Puerto Rico];
pl. 1, fig. 1-3 [Jacaguas Group, south central Pucrto Rico] [Not Cushman, 1925]
? 1971 Globorotalia (Acarinina) spinuloinflata Bandy. - Jenkins : p. 83, 84 pl. 4, fig. 99-101;
pl. 5, fig. 119-122 [G.
(C.) index Zone, Hampden Beach, lower part of Bortonian
Stage, New Zealand; = tightly coiled, 4 1/2 chambered
form]
? 1972 Globigerina spinuloinflata Bandy. - Cifelli : p.159 fig. 2a-c (reillustration of holotype); [lower Eocene, Tallahatta Fm.,
Claiborne Group, Little Stave Creek, Alabama]
1977 Acarinina densa Cushman. - Berggren : p.259 chart-no. 12 (reillustration of figured specimens in literature);
[Not
Cushman, 1925]
? 1979 Globorotalia (Acarinina) decepta Martin. - Blow : p.926 pl. 149, fig. 2-6 [lower Eocene, Zone P9,
KANE 9-C piston core, Endeavour Seamount, equatorial
Atlantic Ocean];
pl. 154, fig. 5 [middle Eocene, Zone P1 0,
KANE 9-C piston core, Endeavour Seamount, equatorial
Atlantic Ocean]
p 1979 Globorotalia (Acarinina) bullbrooki Bolli. - Blow : p.915 pl. 149, fig. 8 and 9;
pl. 155, fig. 1-2, 6-8[Zone P9-P10, KANE 9, piston core 42, Endeavour Seamount, equatorial Atlantic Ocean];
pl. 17 1, fig. 1 -3 and 7-9 [Zone P 1 1, Kilwa area, Tanzania] (not figs. 3-5 =A. mcgowrani)
1979 Globorotalia (Acarinina) matthewsae Blow. - Blow : p.935 pl. 170, fig. 1 (holotype)-9;
pl. 203, fig. 3 = detail of pl. 170, fig. 2 [Zone P11, sample RS. 24, Kilwa area, Tanzania];
pl. 179, fig. 1 and 2 [DSDP Hole 21A, South Atlantic Occan];
pl. 187, fig. 5 [Zone P 12, DSDP Site 19, South Atlantic Ocean],
pl. 204, fig. 1-5;
pl. 205, figs. 1-6 [Sample RS. 24, Kilwa area, Tanzania]
1979 Globorotalia (Acarinina) sp. . - Blow : p.915 pl. 143, fig. 1-5 ex interc. G (A.)
pseudotopilensis (Subbotina) and G. (A.) bullbrooki
(Bolli); [Zone P8b, DSDP Hole 20C, South Atlantic Ocean]
1991 Acarinina bullbrooki Bolli. - Huber : p.439 pl. 3; fig. 6, 7 [Acarinina collactea (AP10) Zone, ODP Site 738,
Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean]
1991 Acarinina matthewsae Blow. - Huber : p.439 pl. 3; fig. 3, 4 [middle Eocene Zone AP8, ODP Hole 738B,
Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean]
1992 Acarinina bullbrooki Bolli. - Berggren : p.563 pl. 2; fig. 9, 10 [Acarinina bullbrooki /A.
matthewsae Zone; ODP Hole 748B, Kerguelen Plateau,
South Indian Ocean]
1992 Acarinina matthewsae Blow. - Berggren : p.563 pl. 2; fig. 7, 8 [Acarinina bullbrooki Zone,
middle Eocene, ODP Hole 749B, Kerguelen Plateau,
southern Indian Ocean]
2004 Acarinina matthewsae Blow. - Pearson et al. : p.37 pl. 2; fig. 5, 6 [middle Eocene, Zone P11, Tanzania
Drilling Project Site 2, Kilwa Masoko, Tanzania]
2006 Acarinina bullbrooki Bolli. - Pearson et al. : p.274 pl. 9.6; fig. 1-16 (Pl. 9.6, Figs. 1-3, 5-7: new SEMs of holotype and
paratype of Globorotalia bullbrooki Bolli)
(Pl. 9.6, Fig. 13: reillustration of holotype of
Globorotalia (Acarinina) matthewsae Blow)
(PI. 9.6, Fig. 16: new SEM of holotype of Globigerina
spinu
|
| Specimen: |
Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., Inventory number: USNM P5742
|
| References: |
Cushman,J.A. and Barksdale,J.D.. (1930):
Eocene foraminifera from Martinez, California . Stanford University, Department of Geology, Contributions Vol. 1 p. 55-73
Cushman,J.A. (1939):
Eocene Foraminifera. from submarine cores off the eastern coast of North America . Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res. Vol. 15 p. 49-76
Martin,L.T. (1943):
Eocene formainifera from the type Lodo Formation, Fresno County, California . Stanford University Publications Geological Sciences Vol. 3 p. 93-125
Cushman,J.A. and Renz,H.H. (1948):
Eocene Foraminifera of the Navet and Hospital Hill formations of Trinidad, B.W.I. . Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Spec. Publ. Vol. 24 p. 1-42
Cushman,J.A. and Bermudez,P.J. (1949):
Some Cuban species of Globorotalia . Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Vol. 25 p. 26-44
Bandy,O.L. (1949):
Eocene and Oligocene foraminifera from Little Stave Creek, Clarke County, Alabama . Bulletins of American paleontology Vol. 32 p. 1-211
Subbotina,N.N. (1953):
Iskopaemye foraminifery SSSR (Globigerinidy, Khantkenininidy i Globorotaliidy) . Trudy Vsesoyznogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Geologo-razvedochnogo Instituta (VNIGRI) Vol. 76 p. 296
Bolli,H.M. (1957):
Planktonic Foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad, B.W.I. . Bull. U.S. natl. Mus. Vol. 215 p. 155-172
Hamilton,E.L. and Rex,R.W. (1959):
Lower Eocene phosphatized Globigerina ooze from Sylvania buyot. . U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper p. 785-798
Pessagno,E.A. (1960):
Stratigraphy and micropaleontology of the Cretaceous and lower Tertiary of Puerto Rico . Micropaleontology Vol. 6(1) p. 87-110
Todd,R. and Low,D. (1960):
Smaller foraminifera from Eniwetok drill hole . U.S. Geological Survey, Professional paper 260-X p. 799-861
Aubert,J.. (1962):
Les Globorotalia de la region prerifaine (Maroc septentrional) . Notes et Memoires du Service Geologique Maroc Vol. 22 p. 1-156
Saito,T. (1962):
Eocene planktonic foraminifera from Hahajima (Hillsborough Island) . Trans. Proc. Paleontol. Soc. Japan, news series Vol. 45 p. 209-225
Bandy,W.A. (1964):
The type of Globorotalia crassata (Cushman) . Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Vol. 15 p. 34-35
Jenkins,D.G. (1971):
New Zealand Cenozoic Planktonic Foraminifera . New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin Vol. 42
Cifelli,R. (1972):
The holotypes of Pulvinulina crassata var. densa Cushman and Globigerina spinuloinflata Bandy . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 2 p. 157-159
Berggren,W.A. (1977):
Atlas of Paleogene planktonic foraminifera. Some species of the genera Subbotina, Planorotalites, Morozovella, Acarinina and Truncorotaloides.
In: Oceanic Micropaleontology Eds: Ramsay, A.T.S. p. 205-299
Blow,W.H. (1979):
The Cainozoic Globigerinida. 3 Vols p. 1413 pp
Toumarkine,M. and Luterbacher,H.P. (1985):
Paleocene and Eocene Planktic Foraminifera.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy p. 87-154
Huber,B.T. (1991):
Paleogene and early Neogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy of Sites 738 and 744, Kerguelen Plateau (southern Indian Ocean).
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 119 Eds: Leckie, R.M.Sigurdsson, H.Acton, G.D.Draper, G. p. 427-449
Berggren,W.A. (1992):
Paleogene Planktonic Foraminifera Magnetobiostratigraphy of the Southern Kerguelen Plateau (Sites 747-749).
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 120
Pearson,P.N.; Nicholas,C.J..; Singano,J.M..; Bown,P.R..; Coxali,H.K..; van Dongen,B.E..; Huber,B.T.; Karega,A..; Lees,J.A..; Misaky,E..; Pancost,R.D..; Pearson,M.. and Roberts,A.P.. (2004):
Paleogene and Cretaceous sediment cores from the Kilwa and Lindi areas of coastal Tanzania: Tanzania Drilling Project Sites 1-5 . Journal of African Earth Sciences Vol. 39 p. 25-62
Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006):
Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License.
|
|
Taxon Concept provided by