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Planorotalites capdevilensis Cushman & Bermudez 1949 from: Pearson, P.N.Olsson, R.K.Hemleben, C.Huber, B.T.Berggren, W.A. (2006): Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513
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Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data
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Species Planorotalites capdevilensis Cushman & Bermudez 1949


Diagnosis / Definition:
Pearson et al. (2006):
DESCRIPTION. Type of wall: Strongly muricate, normal perforate, nonspinose. Test morphology: Test minute (generally less than 0.25 mm in diameter), weakly to moderately biconvex, subcircular, very weakly lobulate; in umbilical view 6-8 subtriangular, distinctly muricate chambers, compressed/flattened along peripheral margin, gradually increasing in size, intercameral sutures distinct, straight, radial to slightly curved between earlier chambers of last whorl, sinuous in later chambers, depressed in terminal 2-3 chambers, umbilicus narrow, shallow, aperture a low, umbilical-extraumbilical arch bearing a distinct lip; in spiral view 15- 18 trapezoidal, muricate chambers arranged in 2 1/2-3 whorls, sutures essentially flush with test chambers, distinctly curved and limbate; early part of test strongly muricate, elevated; in edge view the test is biconvex, with imperforate keel. Size: Largest diameter of holotype: length 0.17- 0.20 mm, breadth 0.15-0.17 mm, thickness: 0.10 mm (Cushman and Bermudez (1949, p. 33); largest diameter of renzi holotype 0.23 mm (Bolli,1957a, p. 168).
Discussion / Comments:
Pearson et al. (2006):
DISTINGUISHING FEATURES- Small, subcircular, biconvex, keeled test with densely perforate surface; pores become larger and test surface covered by anastomosing, elevated honeycombed network in stratigraphically younger individuals. Distinction from P. pseudoscitula is made on the basis of the following characters: stronger pustulation and muricate wall, higher rate of increase in chambers, more distinct and less depressed (essentially flush to slightly raised) sutures on spiral side and flatter, more equally biconvex test. DISCUSSION.- Cifelli and Belford (1 977) (re)illustrated the holotype of Globorotalia capdevilensis Cushman and Bermudez and provided a thorough description of the taxon (including recognition that it is keeled, in contradistinction to the original description) without apparently recognizing its affinity with Globorotalia (vel Planorotalites) renzi Bolli, described almost 20 years later. Our exnamination of the holotype and paratype specimens of both taxa has revealed that they are, indeed, conspecific, the only difference being the slightly stronger keel development of renzi. The reticulate, pustuloselmuricate surface, distinct marginal keel and slightly inflated, elevated early chambers characteristic of the younger forms of this taxon - which correspond to the renzi morphotype- can be seen on the the holotype which is here illustrated in SEM for the first time (PI. 12.4, Figs. 5-7). Blow (1979, p. 890,898) examined types and said that capdevilensis (holotype) is a junior synonym of elongata Glaessner, while paratypes were said to be representative of G. cf. pseudoscitula which he also considered as equivalent to the earlier/older part of the pseudoscitula/renzi plexus, i.e.,pseudoscitula s.s. as described here; see Blow (1979, p. 892, 898). We find no justification for separating capdevilensis from renzi, but we retain elongata as a junior synonym of pseudoscitula as was suggested to one of us (WAB) by Gohrbandt over 40 years ago (see below). PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS.- This taxon evolved from Planorotalites pseudoscitula in the late early Eocene through the development of a flatter, more lenticular and more coarsely muricate test, and the development of flush to slightly raised limbate sutures on the spiral side. STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE.- Zone E7 to E13, questionably E14. GEOGRAPHlC DISTRIBUTION.- Widely distributed in essentially (sub)tropical regions (Caribbean, Tethys) and austral (?Jew Zealand) regions. Not reliably reported from high austral or high latitude Northern Hemisphere locations to our knowledge. STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOBIOL0GY.- Recorded by Pearson and others (2001) (as P. pseudoscitula) with oxygen isotope ratios indicative of a shallow-water habitat, and carbon isotope ratios more depleted than co-occurring muricate species, probably owing to its small size.
Systematics:

35
 Ordo Foraminiferida
  Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
   Familia Truncorotaloididae
    Genus Planorotalites
     Species Planorotalites capdevilensis
Synonym list:
Pearson et al. (2006):
1949 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) capdevilensis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p.32 pl. 6; figs. 10 (paratype), 11 (holotype, CC No. 47405) and 12 (paratype) [lower Eocene Capdevila Sandstone, Habana Province, Cuba]
1957 Globorotalia renzi Bolli. - Bolli : p.168 pl. 38; fig. 3a-c [middle Eocene Porticulasphaera mexicana Zone, Navet Fm., Trinidad]
1960 Globorotalia renzi Bolli. - Berggren : p.53 pl. 1; fig. 16a, b [middle Eocene of Ilaro borehole, western Nigeria]
1971 Globorotalia renzi Bolli. - Postuma : p.208 pig. on p. 209 [Topotypes from Trinidad]
1971 Globorotalia (Planorotalites) renzi Bolli. - Jenkins : p.110 pl. 9; fig. 224-226 [middle Eocene Globigerinatheka (Globigerapsis) index Zone (~/= Zone P1 1 of BKSA95 and Zone E9 of this paper), Te Uri stream Section, Bortonian Stage, New Zealand]
1972 Globorotalia renzi Bolli. - Samuel : p.194 pl. 51; fig. 5a-c [upper Lutetian, Bakony Mountains, western Carpathians]
1974 Globanomalina pseudoscitula Glaessner. - Fleisher : p.1018 pl. 6; fig. 1, 2 [middle Eocene Zone P14 (Zone E13 of this paper), DSDP Hole 23A, Arabian Sea]; [Not Glaessner, 1937]
1975 Globorotalia renzi Bolli. - Stainforth et al. : p.221 text-fig. 81.1-3, 5 (topotypes) and 81.4 (holotype reillustrated)
1977 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) capdevilensis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cifelli & Belford : p.103 pl. 1; fig. 13-15 (holotype refigured)
1977 Planorotalites pseudoscitula Glaessner. - Poore & Brabb : p.264 pl. 7; fig. 12, 13 [Narizian Stage (stratigraphically equivalent to middle Eocene Zones P13-14), Two Bar Shale member, San Lorenzo Fm., Santa Cruz Mountains, California]
1985 Globorotalia renzi Bolli. - Snyder & Waters : p.447 pl. 10; fig. 6, 7 [middle Eocene Zone P14 of BKSA95=(E 13 of this paper), DSDP Hole 549A, Goban Spur, northeast Atlantic Ocean]
1985 Planorotalites renzi Bolli. - Toumarkine & Luterbacher : p.118 fig. 20.1a-c (holotype refigured) [O. beckmanni Zone, Navet Fm., Trinidad]
1985 Planorotalites pseudoscitula Glaessner. - Toumarkine & Luterbacher : p.118 text-fig. 20.2-10 [middle Eocene O. beckmanni Zone, Navet Fm., Trinidad]; [Not Glaessner, 1937]
2004 Planorotalites capdevilensis Cushman & Bermudez. - Pearson et al. : p.36 pl. 1; fig. 22, 23 [middle Eocene Zone P 11, Kilwa, Tanzania]
2006 Planorotalites capdevilensis Cushman & Bermudez. - Pearson et al. : p.387 pl. 12.4; fig. 1-16 (Pl. 12.4, Figs. 1-3: new SEMs of holotype of Globorotalia (Globorotalia) capdevilensis Cushman and Bermudez)
Specimen:
Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., Inventory number: CC 47405
References:

Cushman,J.A. and Bermudez,P.J. (1949):
Some Cuban species of Globorotalia . Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Vol. 25 p. 26-44

Bolli,H.M. (1957):
Planktonic Foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad, B.W.I. . Bull. U.S. natl. Mus. Vol. 215 p. 155-172

Berggren,W.A. (1960):
Some planktonic Foraminifera from the Lower Eocene (Ypresian) of Denmark and northwestern Germany . Stockholm Contribution in Geology Vol. 5 p. 41-108

Jenkins,D.G. (1971):
New Zealand Cenozoic Planktonic Foraminifera . New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin Vol. 42

Postuma,J.A. (1971):
Manual of Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 422 pp

Samuel,O.. (1972):
New species of planktonic foraminifers from the Paleogene of the west Carpathian in Slovakia (Czechoslovakia) . Zbornik Geologick"ck Vied Západné Karpaty Vol. 17 p. 165-221

Fleisher,R.L. (1974):
Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera and biostratigraphy, Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 23A.
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 23 Eds: Whitmarsh, R.B.Weser, O.E.Ross, D.A. p. 1001-1072

Stainforth,R.M.; Lamb,J.L.; Luterbacher,H.P.; Beard,J.H. and Jeffords,R.M. (1975):
Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal zonation and characteristics of index forms . Paleontological ContributionsArticle 62 p. 425

Cifelli,R. and Belford,D.J. (1977):
The Types of several Species of Tertiary Planktonic Foraminifera in the Collections of the U.S. National Museum of Natural History . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 7 p. 100-105

Poore,R.Z. and Brabb,E.E.. (1977):
Eocene and Oligocene planktonic foraminifera from the Upper Butano Sandstone and type San Lorenzo Formation, Santa Cruz Mountains, California . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 7 p. 249-272

Toumarkine,M. and Luterbacher,H.P. (1985):
Paleocene and Eocene Planktic Foraminifera.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy p. 87-154

Snyder,S.W. and Waters,V.J. (1985):
Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Goban Spur region.
In: Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 80

Pearson,P.N.; Nicholas,C.J..; Singano,J.M..; Bown,P.R..; Coxali,H.K..; van Dongen,B.E..; Huber,B.T.; Karega,A..; Lees,J.A..; Misaky,E..; Pancost,R.D..; Pearson,M.. and Roberts,A.P.. (2004):
Paleogene and Cretaceous sediment cores from the Kilwa and Lindi areas of coastal Tanzania: Tanzania Drilling Project Sites 1-5 . Journal of African Earth Sciences Vol. 39 p. 25-62

Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006):
Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513
Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data
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