Hoploscaphites constrictus Sowerby 1817 from: Ward, P.D..Kennedy, W.J.. (1993): Maastrichtian Ammonites from the Biscay Region (France, Spain) . Memoir (The Paleontological Society), Journal of Paleontology34 (Supplement to Vol. 67)(5) p. 1-58 | . |
Notice: This catalogue page may contain unedited data.
|
Species Hoploscaphites constrictus Sowerby 1817 |
|
|
|
| Diagnosis / Definition: |
Kennedy (1986):
Types. Sowerby obviously possessed more than one specimen of H. constrictus from Ste Colombe; Crick (1898, p. 12) and Spath (1953, p. 13) referred to BMNH 43988 (PI. 15, figs. 18-20) "as the type and the original of Sowerby's pl. A, fig. I, but this bears no resemblance to the figure (see text-fig. 9). Instead, as Phillips (1977, p. 90) notes, BMNH C36733 (PI. 13, figs. 20-22) purchased from Mrs M. Sowerby in 1935 (together with the originals offigs. 2 and 3 on the same plate) bears aclose resemblance to the figure.Tt is herein designated lectotype ofthe species. BMNH C43988 is a paralectotype, as are C70645-C70647. Material. Fifty specimens in the BMNH, EMP, FSL, FSM, FSR, MNHG, MNHH, MNB, MNHP, OUM, and SP Collections, including the original of Schlüter (1872, pl. 28, figs. 6-8) (MNB unreg.; PI. 13, figs. 1-3), d'Orbigny (1842, pI. 129, figs. 8 and 9) (MNHP d'Orbigny Collection no. 7194; PI. 13, figs. 16 and 17), and de Grossouvre (1894, pI. 31, figs. 1 and 2) (EMP unreg.; PI. 14, figs. 13-15). Localities mentioned are Manche, Fresville, Orglandes, Ste Colombe, Nehou, Veuville, Chef-du-Pont, Port Filiolet, and Cussy. Description. Highly variable and strongly dimorphie. Phragmoeone very involute with tiny umbilieus. Whorl seetion varies from eompressed (whorl breadth to height ratio down to 0,5) and fiat-sided with broadly rounded ventrolateral shoulders and fiattened venter (PI. 13, figs. 8-13; PI. 14, figs. 1-3,24-26), to fat with swollen inner fianks, convergent outer flanks, broadly rounded shoulders, and somewhat fiattened venter (whorl breadth to height ratio up to 0,95) (PI. 15, figs. 1-3, 10-31). Sixteen to twenty primary ribs arise at umbilical seam, are flexuous, vary fromfeeblyconcave (PI. 13, fig. 11; PI. 15, fig. 16) to straightand prorsiradiate(p1. 13, fig. 9; PI. 15, fig. 22) on inner flank, are generally convex at mid-flank, concave on outer flank and ventrolateral shoulder, and feebly convex over venter. They subdivide low on flank, where long intercalatories also arise (e.g. PI. 15, fig. 19); intercalatories and secondaries branch a second time (e.g. PI. 13, fig. 12; PI. 15, fig. 2) on outer flank, where additional short intercalatories also insert, with much variation in style and strength between individuals; from fifty- five (pI. 15, fig. 16) to around eighty (PI. 14, fig. 17) ribs on venter per whorl, ribs feebler and more numerous in compressed individua1s (pI. 13, figs. 8-12; PI. 14, figs. 8, 17,25, 28, 32, 35) and generally fewer and coarser in more inflated ones (PI. 15, figs. 16, 19,22,28, 30), with a few exceptions (PI. 15, figs. 2 and 13). Early phrag¬mocone whorls devoid of tuberc1es. Inflated individuals have up to five pointed ve-ntral tuberc1es on last part of phragmocone (PI. 15, fig. 19), with one or two non-tubercu1ate ribs between and a similar number of tiny nodes on some compressed individuals (PI. 13, fig. 2; PI. 14, fig. 25). Other compressed individua1s have tiny nodes on every rib over last part of phragmocone (PI. 14, figs. 1-3); in others they appear lacking (PI. 14, figs. 7-9, preservation is poor, however). A few specimens show umbilico-lateral or inner lateral bulla or bullae on last part ofphragmocone (PI. 15, figs. 19 and 30).
Body-chambers vary widely. In compressed microconchs (PI. 15, figs. 1-9) ribbing becomes very flexuous, primary ribs develop sharp bullae at umbilical shoulder, and increase by branching and intercalation gives dense ribs on venter (most or all of which bear tiny tubercles on shaft). Ornament declines on final hook, tuberc1es disappear, and flanks are ornamented by fine striae only (PI. 14, figs. 2, 5, 8). Macroconchs of this type are essentially similar (pI. 14, figs. 19 and 20). These forms grade into bluntly decorated individuals with broader whorl section, like lectotype (a macroconch: PI. 13, figs. 20-22) where long, low umbilical bullae give rise to groups of ribs that increase by branching and intercalation to link, in groups, to pointed ventrolateral nodes (pI. 13, fig. 6; PI. 14, fig. 28) which, in some, elongate into prominent c1avi (e.g. PI. 15, figs. 4-9, microconchs). These specimens lack ventral ribs, unlike more compressed individuals (compare PI. 14, figs. 3 and 15), and maintain distinct branching and intercalated ribs to aperture, although tuberc1es decline and are lost on final part ofhook. A few specimens ofthis type (inc1uding holotype) develop low swelling between ventral clavi on early part of body-chamber (e.g. PI. 14, fig. 26). The most inflated body-chambers are decorated by distinct umbilical or innerlateral bullae (pI. 15, figs. 18-20, 29-31) that may persist to aperture (pI. 13, fig. 18; PI. 15, fig. 19), but these are linked by every transition to specimens in which bullae are incipient only (e.g. PI. 14, fig. 28). Ribs arise in groups from these bullae, branch and intercalate, and loop to ventral clavi which are separated by smooth zones or effacing secondaries and interca1atories (PI. 15, figs. 19 and 30). In some specimens a distinct siphonal swelling is crossed by fine riblets that 100p between ventral c1avi (PI. 15, fig. 18); in others ventral region is virtually smooth between c1avi. Ribs and tuberc1es may decline towards aperture, or persist (PI. 15, figs. 19 and 31).
Suture lines (text-fig. lIA-H) vary in detail only and are consistently simple and little incised.
Ward & Kennedy (1993):
Description.-
Material fragmentary. Best phragmocone is 15
mm in diameter, and crushed flat. Coiling very involute, with
high whorls. Ornament of numerous crowded flexuous prorsiradiate
ribs. They arise at umbilical seam and strengthen across
umbilical wall. They are prorsiradiate on shoulder, straight and
prorsiradiate on inner flank, and feebly concave on middle and
outer flank. Ribs branch once or twice both high and low on
flanks, and shorter ribs intercalate at several levels on flank such
that there are many more umbilical than ventral ribs. Body
chamber fragments show well-developed umbilicolateral bullae
giving rise to groups of delicate straight prorsiradiate ribs that
increase by branching and intercalation on outermost flank and
ventrolateral shoulder. |
| Discussion / Comments: |
Kennedy (1986):
Discussion. I ean draw no lines between the specimens from the Calcaire a Baculites; there appears to be every gradation in whorl eompression, ribbing, and tubereulation style. Scaphites multinodosus (Hauer, 1858) (p. 9, pI. I (2), figs. 7 and 8) from the Maastriehtian of Neuberg, Styria, is a small maeroeoneh of the present species. It oeeurs with Pachydiscus neubergicus (Hauer, 1858) and is significantly older than the present material. (The S. multinodosus ofHauer 1866, p. 306, pI. 1, figs. 7 and 8 is a Trachyscaphites; fide Cobban and Seott 1964.) I agree with Birkelund (1982) and Makowski (1963) that S. niedzwiedzkii Uhlig, 1894 (p. 220, text-fig. 2) is a microeoneh ofthe present speeies. H. c. crassus Lopuski, 1911 (pp. 115, 134, pI. 2, figs. 5 and 6; pI. 3, figs. land 2)ean be matehed with the eoarsely ribbed speeimens described here (PI. 15, figs. 18-20,29-31) and is inseparable from constrictus even at sub-specifie level. H. c. vulgaris Nowak, 1911 (p. 583, pI. 32, fig. 6?; pI. 33, figs. 8-12) is equally inseparable. Mesoscaphites grossouvrei Atabekian, 1979 (p. 523) (nomen nudum) has, as holotype, the original of de Grossouvre (1894, pI. 31, fig. I). This specimen (PI. 15, figs. 29-31) is merely a coarsely ribbed variant of' crassus' type and is Upper, rather than Lower Maastrichtian as suggested by Atabekian. 'M.' kneri Atabekian, 1979 (p. 523) (nomen nudum) has the original ofKner (1852, pI. 15, fig. 13) as holotype and is also a constrictus.
H. c. anterior Blaszkiewicz, 1980 (p. 36, pI. 17, fig. 5; pI. 18, figs. 4-10) from the Lower Maastriehtian of Poland was separated from H. constrictus sensu stricto on the basis of a smaller apertural angle (95°), 'not so elose contaet ofbody ehamber and phragmoeone and a smaller degree of flattening of the ventral side' (Blaszkiewiez 1980, p. 36), and a lower stratigraphie position. The
holotype is no more than a variant ofthe present species, resembling elosely thejndividual shown in Plate 13, figs. 5-7, and is treated as a synonym.
H. tenuistriatus (Kner, 1848) (p. 10, pI. 1, fig. 5), originally described from Kieselka near Lemberg (now Lvov), characterizes a level weil below that of the present material (fide Birkelund 1982). It has been treated as aseparate species (as by Kner; Favre 1869; Birkelund 1982) or as a subspeeies of constrictus (as by Nowak 1909, 1911; Wolansky 1932; Naidin 1974). It has a rather coarsely ribbed phragmocone and a very finely ribbed body-chamber lacking nodes. The last two features separate it from constrictus and I regard it as specifically distinct, although Nowak (1911, pI. 33, fig. 13) figured what he believed to be tenuistriatus with nodes.
Acanthoscaphites schmidi Birkelund, 1982, from the middle of the Maastrichtian at Hemmoor, north-west Germany, seems rather to be a Hoploscaphites. The holotype (Birkelund 1982, pI. 1, figs. 7-9) is a microconch which has ventral and weak siphonal tubereIes on the phragmocone and early body-chamber, with very fine ribs on the venter and ventrolateral parts of the body¬chamber. As deseribed above, some H. constrictus develop a feeble siphonal node (e.g. PI. 15, fig. 18) while some speeimens, discussed further below (e.g. PI. 16, figs. 1-6, 11-14) are very elose indeed to Birkelund's speeies but have a simple, Hoploscaphites suture; these may be further variants of constrictus, as siphonal tubercles appear more than onee in Upper Cretaeeous Scaphites.
holotype is no more than a variant ofthe present species, resembling elosely thejndividual shown in Plate 13, figs. 5-7, and is treated as a synonym.
H. tenuistriatus (Kner, 1848) (p. 10, pI. 1, fig. 5), originally described from Kieselka near Lemberg (now Lvov), characterizes a level weil below that of the present material (fide Birkelund 1982). It has been treated as aseparate species (as by Kner; Favre 1869; Birkelund 1982) or as a subspeeies of constrictus (as by Nowak 1909, 1911; Wolansky 1932; Naidin 1974). It has a rather coarsely ribbed phragmocone and a very finely ribbed body-chamber lacking nodes. The last two features separate it from constrictus and I regard it as specifically distinct, although Nowak (1911, pI. 33, fig. 13) figured what he believed to be tenuistriatus with nodes.
Acanthoscaphites schmidi Birkelund, 1982, from the middle of the Maastrichtian at Hemmoor, north-west Germany, seems rather to be a Hoploscaphites. The holotype (Birkelund 1982, pI. 1, figs. 7-9) is a microconch which has ventral and weak siphonal tubereIes on the phragmocone and early body-chamber, with very fine ribs on the venter and ventrolateral parts of the body¬chamber. As deseribed above, some H. constrictus develop a feeble siphonal node (e.g. PI. 15, fig. 18) while some speeimens, discussed further below (e.g. PI. 16, figs. 1-6, 11-14) are very elose indeed to Birkelund's speeies but have a simple, Hoploscaphites suture; these may be further variants of constrictus, as siphonal tubercles appear more than onee in Upper Cretaeeous Scaphites.
holotype is no more than a variant ofthe present species, resembling elosely thejndividual shown in Plate 13, figs. 5-7, and is treated as a synonym.
H. tenuistriatus (Kner, 1848) (p. 10, pI. 1, fig. 5), originally described from Kieselka near Lemberg (now Lvov), characterizes a level weil below that of the present material (fide Birkelund 1982). It has been treated as aseparate species (as by Kner; Favre 1869; Birkelund 1982) or as a subspeeies of constrictus (as by Nowak 1909, 1911; Wolansky 1932; Naidin 1974). It has a rather coarsely ribbed phragmocone and a very finely ribbed body-chamber lacking nodes. The last two features separate it from constrictus and I regard it as specifically distinct, although Nowak (1911, pI. 33, fig. 13) figured what he believed to be tenuistriatus with nodes.
Acanthoscaphites schmidi Birkelund, 1982, from the middle of the Maastrichtian at Hemmoor, north-west Germany, seems rather to be a Hoploscaphites. The holotype (Birkelund 1982, pI. 1, figs. 7-9) is a microconch which has ventral and weak siphonal tubereIes on the phragmocone and early body-chamber, with very fine ribs on the venter and ventrolateral parts of the body¬chamber. As deseribed above, some H. constrictus develop a feeble siphonal node (e.g. PI. 15, fig. 18) while some speeimens, discussed further below (e.g. PI. 16, figs. 1-6, 11-14) are very elose indeed to Birkelund's speeies but have a simple, Hoploscaphites suture; these may be further variants of constrictus, as siphonal tubercles appear more than onee in Upper Cretaeeous Scaphites.
Other Hoploscaphites species bear little resemblance to the present form and are unlikely to be confused with it.
S. constrictus is held to range from just above the base of the Maastrichtian to the top of the stage, and Birkelund (1979, 1982) has provided the only attempt at recognizing vertical changes in ornament on the basis of material from the Danish Chalk. Forms referred to the 'variety' crassus, which occur in the present material, are restricted to the Belemnella casimirovensis Zone, while there is a decrease in the number of ribs on the last 10 mm of the body-chamber as one ascends the Maastrichtian, from six (in 'var. erassus') to about ten in finer ribbed individuals from the Calcaire ä Baculites (much as in the Danish casimirovensis Zone material).
The range of size in dimorphs of this species was measured by Makowski (1963) who described a collection of thirty-two specimens from the Upper Maastrichtian of Kazimiez on the Vistula. The twenty-two macroconchs (69 %) ranged from 47 to 68 mm; the ten microconchs (31 %) from 22 to 35 mm. Of twenty-three measurable specimens from the Calcaire ä Baculites, fifteen (65%) are macroconchs ranging from 39 to 56 mm and eight (35%) microconchs, ranging from 25 to 34•5 mm length. The largest complete specimen is the lectotype which has a phragmocone 34•5 mm in diameter. BMNH C70647 (PI. 15, figs. 10-13) is a complete phragmocone 43 mm in diameter, suggesting a complete shell 70 mm long, so that there is a fair agreement with the Polish material.
Ward & Kennedy (1993):
Types.-
Lectotype, by the subsequent designation of Kennedy,
1986c (p. 68) is BMNH C36733, the original of J. Sowerby,
18 17, Pl. A, fig. 1. Paralectotypes are BMNH C43988 and
C70645-70647; all are refigured by Kennedy (1 986c), and are
from the upper Maastrichtian Calcaire a Baculites of the Cotentin
Peninsula, Manche, France.
Discussion.-
Although fragmentary, the Biscay material shows
sufficient features to allow specific determination with confidence,
as can be seen from a comparison with better preserved
material from the Petites-Pyrénées (Haute-Garonne), shown in
Figure 44.1-44.6. We think it very likely that the poorly preserved
Scaphites (Indoscaphites) pavana (Forbes)? of Wiedmann
(1969, Pl. 3, figs. 3, 6) from Zumaya may be juveniles of the
present species but cannot be certain. The type material of Hoploscaphites
constrictus, material from the Maastrichtian type
area, and from the Petites-Pyrénées is reviewed by Kennedy
(1986b, c, 1987), to which reference should be made. We see
no reason to vary the conclusions reached there that the lectotype
of H. constrictus is a macroconch, and the form described
as Scaphites niedzwiedzkii Uhlig, 1894 (p. 220, fig. 2) is the
microconch of constrictus, and see no support whatsoever for
the views of Van Der Tuuk (1987) that they represent subspecies
in which both macro- and microconchs occur. Equally, we believe
it more rational to treat H. tenuistriatus (Kner, 1848) (see
revision in Kennedy, 1987) as a distinct short-lived species
rather than a subspecies of constrictus. The Hoploscaphites sp.
of Van Der Tuuk (1987, p. 77, figs. 4, 17a, b) with siphonal
tubercles from the upper Maastrichtian of Limburg, the Netherlands,
was thought to be possibly transitional between Hoploscaphites
and Acanthoscaphites by its author. It is in our view
no more than a malformed H. constrictus, and, even it this were
not the case, could hardly be transitional between these genera
as Acanthoscaphites appears at the base of the Maastrichtian.
Occurrence.-
In the Biscay sections Hoploscaphites constrictus
occurs in Member 4 (upper Maastrichtian) at Zumaya. Elsewhere,
the species ranges throughout almost all the Maastrichtian.
Thus at Kronsmoor in north Germany, the first specimen
appears 3.5-5.0 m above the base of the Belemnella lanceolata zone, while in Denmark it is common in the topmost hardground
of the Maastrichtian white chalk that is immediately
overlain by the Paleocene Fish Clay. It is known from the Petites-
Pyrénées (Haute-Garonne), Tercis (Landes), and the Calcaire
a Baculites of the Cotentin Peninsula (Manche), France,
northern Spain, the Nekum and Meersen Chalks of the Maastricht
region in Belgium and the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark,
southern Sweden, Poland, Austria (Styria), Czechoslovakia,
Bulgaria, and the former USSR (Donbass, Carpathians,
Transcaspia, Kopet Dag).
Machalski (2005):
TYPE MATERIAL.-
Specimen BMNH C36733, a macroconch, from the up−
per lower Maastrichtain, Ste Colombe, Cotentin (Manche, France) was
designated lectotype by Kennedy (1986: pl. 13: 20–22). |
| Systematics: |
38
Ordo Ammonoidea
Subordo Ancyloceratina
Superfamilia Scaphitaceae
Familia Scaphitidae
Subfamilia Scaphitinae
Genus Hoploscaphites
Species Hoploscaphites constrictus
39
Ordo Ammonoidea
Subordo Ancyloceratina
Superfamilia Scaphitaceae
Familia Scaphitidae
Subfamilia Scaphitinae
Genus Hoploscaphites
Species Hoploscaphites constrictus
51
Familia Scaphitidae
Genus Hoploscaphites
Species Hoploscaphites constrictus
|
| Synonym list: |
Kennedy (1986):
1986 Hoploscaphites constrictus Sowerby. - Kennedy : p.84 pl. 13, figs. 1-13, 16-24; pl. 14, figs. 1-38; pl. 15; text-figs. 9, 11A-H
1986 Hoploscaphites constrictus Sowerby. - Kennedy : p.64 pl. 13, fig. 1-13, 16-24;
pl. 14, fig. 1-38;
pl. 15;
text-fig. 9, 11A-H (with full synonymy)
|
| Was used in synonym list of: |
|
|
| Stratigraphy - relative ages: |
upper Maastrichtian - lower Maastrichtian: Ward & Kennedy (1993)
upper Maastrichtian - lower Maastrichtian: Kennedy (1986)
|
| References: |
Sowerby,J.. (1812):
1812-1822. The mineral conchology of Great Britain.. Vol. 1 p. pis. 1-9 (1812)
Pusch,G.G.. (1837):
Polens Palaeontologie & c.. p. 218 pp.
d'Orbigny,A. (1842):
Voyage dans l'Amerique méridionale.
In: Paléontologie Vol. 3(4) p. 187
Kner,R.. (1848):
Versteinerungen des Kreidemergels von Lernberg und seiner Umgebung. . Haidingers naturwiss. Vol. 2 p. 1-42
d'Orbigny,A. (1850):
Prodrome de Paléontologie. Stratigraphique universelle des animaux mollusques & rayonnés faisant suitre au cours élémentaire de paléontologie et de géologie stratigraphique. , Cours Élémentaire de Paléontologie et de Géologie Stratigraphiques Vol. 2
Alth,A.. (1850):
Geognostisch palaeontologische Beschreibung der naechsten Umgebung von Lemburg . Haidingers naturwiss. ahb. Vol. 3 p. 171-284
Leymerie,M.A.. (1851):
Memoire sur un nouveau type pyreneen parallele a la craie proprement dito . Mem. Soc. geol. Fr. Vol. 4(3) p. 177-202
Kner,R.. (1852):
Neue beiträge zur Kentniss der Kreideversteinerungen von Ost-Galizian. . Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien Vol. 3 p. 293-334
Hauer,F.. (1858):
Über die Cephalopoden der Gosauschichten . Beiträge zur Paläontologie von Österreich Vol. 1 p. 7-14
Binkhorst,J.T.. (1861):
Monographie des gastropodes et des céphalopodes de la Craie Supérieure du Limburg.
In: Maastricht and Muller Frères Eds: Muquardt, G.. p. 17,83,44
Gümbel,v.C.W.. (1861):
1861-1868. Geognostische Beschreibung des bayerischen Alpengebirges und seines Vorlandes. p. 950 pp
Favre,E.. (1869):
Description des Mollusques fossiles de la Craie des environs de Lemberg en Galicie . p. 187 pp.
Schlüter,C.. (1871):
1871-1876. Cephalopoden der oberen deutschen Kreide. . Palaeontographica21-24 p. 21, 1-24, pis.
Redtenbacher,A.. (1873):
Die Cephalopodenfauna der Gosauschichten in den nordöstlichen Alpen: . Abhandlungen der königlich-kaiserlichen geologischen Reichsanstalt Vol. 5 p. 91-140
Moberg,J.C.. (1885):
Cephalopoderna i Sveriges Kritsystem. . H. Sver. geol. Unders. Afh. Vol. 73 p. 1-63
Böhm,J. (1891):
Die Kreidebildungen des Fürbergs und Salzbergs bei Siegsdorf in Oberbayern. . Palaeonto-graphica Vol. 38 p. 1-106
Grossouvre,d.A.. (1894):
Recherches sur la Craie Supérieure, 2, Paléontologie. Les ammonites de la Craie Supérieure, Mémoirs pour Servir à l’Explication de la Carte géologique détaillée de la France (mis-dated 1893).. p. 264
Uhlig,V.. (1894):
Bemerkungen zu Gliederung karpathischer Bildungen . Jb. K.-K. geol. Reichsanst., Wien Vol. 44 p. 215-222
Semenov,V.P.. (1899):
[Faune des depöts cretaces de Mangychlak et de quelques autres localites de la province Transcaspienne.] [In Russian with French summary.] . Trav. Soc. Imp. Nat. St. Petersb. Sect. Géol. Min.28 (5) p. 1-178
Ravn,J.P.J.. (1902):
Molluskerne i Danmarks Kridtafiejringer. II. Scaphopoder, Gastropoder og Cephalopoder. . K. dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 6. Rk., nat. og. mat. Afd. Vol. 11 p. 205-270
Wisniowski,T.. (1907):
Über die Obersenone flyschfauna von Leszczyny . Beitr. Paläont. Geol. Öst.-Ung. Vol. 30 p. 191-205
Grossouvre,d.A.. (1908):
Description des ammonites du Cretace Superieur du Limbourg Belge et Hollandais et du Hainault . Mem. Mus. r. Hist. nat. Belg Vol. 4 p. 1-39
Nowak,K.. (1909):
O kilku glowonogach i charakterze fauny z karpackieogo kampanu. . Kosmos, Warsz Vol. 34 p. 765-787
Böhm,J. (1909):
Neue untersuchungen über die Senon Bildung der östlichen Schweizer Alpen..
In: Abh. schweiz. paläont. Ges. Vol. 36 Eds: Böhm, J.Heim, A.. p. 1-61
Nowak,K.. (1911):
Untersuchungen über die cephalopoden der oberen Kreide in Polen. II. Teil. Die skaphiten. . Bull. int. Acad. Sci. Lett. Cracovie, Cl. Sci. math. nat. p. 547-589
Lopuski,C.. (1911):
Przyczynld do znajomosci fauny kredowej gub. Lubelskiej. . Cr. Seanc. Soc. Sci. Varsovie Vol. 4 p. 104-140
Frech,F.. (1915):
Über Scaphites. 1. Die Bedeutung von Scaphites für die Gliederung der Oberkreide. p. 553-568
Diener,C.. (1925):
Ammonoidea neocretacea . Fossilium Cat, (1: Animalia) Vol. 29 p. 244 pp.
Wolansky,D.. (1932):
Die Cephalopoden und Lamellibranchiaten der Ober-Kreide Pommerns . Geologie aus dem Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Universität Greifswald Vol. 9 p. 72 pp.
Mikhailov,N.P.. (1951):
[Upper Cretaceous ammonites from the southern part of european Russia and their importance for zonal stratigraphy (Campanian, Maastrichtian).] [In Russian.] . Trudy Inst. geol. Nauk Mosk.129 (Geol. ser. 50) p. 143 pp.
Naidin,D.P.. and Shimanskij,V.N.. (1959):
[Cephalopoda.] .
In: [Atlas of the Upper Cretaceous fauna of the northern Caucasus and Crimea.] Eds: Moskvina, M.M.. p. 166-220
BIRKELUND,T.. (1966):
Die Entwicklung der jüngsten Scaphiten und ihre stratigraphische Bedeutung im baltischen Gebiet . Ber. dt. Ges. geol. Wiss. A, Geol. Paläont. Vol. 11 p. 737-744
Naidin,D.P.. (1974):
Ammonoidea.
In: Atlas of Upper Cretaceous fauna of Donbass. [in Russian] p. 158-195
BIRKELUND,T.. (1979):
The last Maastrichian ammonites.
In: Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary, The Maastrichtian and Danian of Denmark Eds: Events Symposium, 1.. p. 210 pp.
ATABEKIAN,A.A.. (1979):
Correlation of the Campanian stage in Kopetdag and western Europe. . Aspekte der Kreide Europas, lUGS Series A, Vol. 6 p. 511-526.
BLASZKIEWICZ,A.. (1980):
Campanian and Maastrichtian ammmonites of the Middle Vistula Valley, Poland: a stratigraphic-paleontological study . Prace Instytutu Geologicznego Vol. 92 p. 1-63
Tsankov,C.V.. (1982):
[The fossils of Bulgaria Va Upper Cretaceous.] [In Russian.] . p. 136 pp.
BIRKELUND,T.. (1982):
Maastrichtian ammonites from Hemmoor, Niederelbe (NW Germany). . Geol. Jb. A61 p. 13-33
Martinez,R.. (1982):
Ammonoideos cretacicos del Prepirineo de la Provincia de Lleida . Publnes Geol. Univ, autonoma Barcelona Vol. 17 p. 197
Riccardi,A.C.. (1983):
Scaphitids from the Upper Campanian-Lower Maastrichtian Bearpaw Formation of the western interior of Canada. . Bull. geol. Surv. Can. Vol. 354 p. 103 pp.
Kennedy,W.J.. (1986):
Upper Campanian and Maastrichtian ammonites from the Petites-Pyrénées, southern France . Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae Vol. 79 p. 1001-1037
Kennedy,J.W.. (1986):
The Campanian-Maastrichtian ammonite sequence in the environs of Maastricht (Limburg, the Netherlands) . Newsletters on Stratigraphy Vol. 16 p. 149-168
Kennedy,W.J.. (1986):
The ammonite fauna of the Calcaire à Baculites (Upper Maastrichtian) of the Cotentin Peninsula (Manche, France) . Palaeontology Vol. 29(1) p. 25-83
Kennedy,W.J.. (1987):
The ammonite faunas of the type Maastrichtian, with a revision of Ammonites colligatus Binkhorst, 1861 . Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre Vol. 56 p. 151-267
Tuuk,V.V.L.. (1987):
Scaphitidae (Ammonoidea) from the Upper Cretaceous of Limburg, the Netherlands . Paläontologische Zeitschrift Vol. 61 p. 57-79
Kennedy,W.J.. and Summesberger,H.. (1987):
Lower Maastrichtian ammonites from Nagoryany (Ukrainian SSR) . Beiträge zur Paläontologie von Österreich Vol. 13 p. 25-78
Jagt,J.M.. (1987):
Hoploscaphites constrictus (J. Sowerby, 1817) . Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst41-2 p. 1-5
Machalski,M.. and Walaszczyk,I.. (1988):
The youngest (uppermost Maastrichtian) ammonites in the middle Vistula valley, central Poland . Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Earth Sciences Vol. 30 p. 67-70
Kennedy,W.J.. (1989):
Thoughts on the evolution and extinction of Cretaceous ammonites . Procedings of the Geologists Association Vol. 100 p. 251-279
Ward,P.D.. and Kennedy,W.J.. (1993):
Maastrichtian Ammonites from the Biscay Region (France, Spain) . Memoir (The Paleontological Society), Journal of Paleontology34 (Supplement to Vol. 67)(5) p. 1-58
Machalski,M.. (2005):
Late Maastrichtian and earliest Danian scaphitid ammonites from central Europe: Taxonomy, evolution, and extinction . Acta Palaeontologica Polonica Vol. 50(4) p. 653-696
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License.
|
|
Taxon Concept provided by