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Pulleniatina primalis Banner & Blow 1967 from: Kennett, J.Srinivasan, M.S. (1983): Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera - A Phylogenetic Atlas.
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Species Pulleniatina primalis Banner & Blow 1967


Diagnosis / Definition:
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983):
Test medium, low trochospiral, becoming streptospiral, equatorial periphery lobulate; axial periphery broadly rounded; chambers subspherical, four to five, increasing slowly in size, except for the final one, which suddenly becomes more embracing; spiral sutures slightly curved, depressed; surface smooth for the most part, pitted surface of early chambers being gradually obliterated by the development of a thick cortex, granular in appearance ; umbilicus covered; aperture interiomarginal, extraumbilical-umbilical, a low arch at the base of the final chamber, no apertural rim or lip visible.
Discussion / Comments:
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983):
Pu. primalis is distinguished from Pu. praecursor by its aperture, which is restricted to the umbilical side and does not reach the periphery of the previous whorl. This species differs from Pu. spectabilis in lacking the acutely angled periphery characteristic of that species.
Bolli & Saunders (1985):
This is the earliest characteristic and clearly distinguishable Pulleniatina which leads through intermediate forms to P. praecursor, P. obliquiloculata and eventually to P. finalis. P. primalis is smaller in size compared with the later species, it has often 5 chambers in the last whorl instead of 4, with the last ones only slightly streptospirally arranged. Though it is the ancestral form of the others, morphologically identical forms continue as juveniles or as not fully developed specimens throughout the Pliocene and less typically also in the Pleistocene. P. primalis differs from Globorotalia acostaensis in the slightly streptospiral arrangement of the last chambers, in the final chamber becoming extended over part of the umbilical area, in the chambers being higher in lateral view and in the test surface being smooth and glassy.
Chaisson & Leckie (1993):
Remarks: In this study, Pulleniatina praecursor has been included under the P. primalis species concept (cf. Orr and Jenkins, 1980). Similar species: P. primalis is gradational with Neogloboquadrina acostaensis in the upper part of Core 130-806B-23H. The FO of P. primalis is based on the development of a distinct cortex over much of the test. P. praespectabilis has a subrounded to subacute peripheral outline as compared with the distinctly rounded outline of P. primalis. The aperture of P. primalis is extraumbilical-umbilical, and the test is entirely trochospirally coiled in contrast to P. obliquiloculata, which has an aperture extenting from the umbilicus onto the spiral side because of an ontogenetic change in coiling from trochospiral to streptospiral.
Systematics:

1
 Superregnum Eukaryota
  Regnum Protoctista
   Phylum Ciliophora
    Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora
     Ordo Globigerinida
      Superfamilia Globorotaliaceae
       Superfamilia Nonionacea
        Familia Pulleniatinidae
         Genus Pulleniatina
          Species Pulleniatina primalis
Synonym list:
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983):
1967 Pulleniatina primalis Banner & Blow. - Banner & Blow : p.142 pl 1 figs 3-8; pl 3 figs 2a-c
Bolli & Saunders (1985):
1967 Pulleniatina primalis Banner & Blow. - Banner & Blow : p.142 pl.3, figs.2a-c
1985 Pulleniatina primalis Banner & Blow. - Bolli & Saunders : p.248 figs. 40.6, 41.2-27; 7,10,11
Chaisson & Pearson (1997):
1967 Pulleniatina primalis Banner & Blow. - Banner & Blow : p.142 pl. 1; fig. 3-8 pl. 3; fig. 2a-c
1983 Pulleniatina primalis Banner & Blow. - Kennett & Srinivasan : p.200 pl. 49; fig. 1, 3-5
Vincent & Toumarkine (1990):
1967 Pulleniatina primalis Banner & Blow. - Banner & Blow : p.142 pl. 1, figs. 3-8; pl. 3, fig. 2
1990 Pulleniatina primalis Banner & Blow. - Vincent & Toumarkine : p.836 pl. 7, figs. 17-19
Chaisson & Leckie (1993):
1967 Pulleniatina primalis Banner & Blow. - Banner & Blow : p.142 pl. 1, fig. 3-8; pl. 3, fig. 2a-c
1983 Pulleniatina primalis Banner & Blow. - Kennett & Srinivasan : p.200 pl. 49; fig 1 and 3-5
1993 Pulleniatina primalis Banner & Blow. - Chaisson & Leckie : p.176 pl. 8; fig. 1
Stratigraphy - absolute ages:
FAD: 6.4 ± 0 [Ma], Berggren et al. (1995)
LAD: 3.65 ± 0 [Ma], Berggren et al. (1995)
References:

Banner,F.T. and Blow,W.H. (1967):
The origin, evolution and taxonomy of the foraminiferal genus Pulleniatina Cushman, 1927 . Micropaleontology Vol. 13(2) p. 133-162

Kennett,J. and Srinivasan,M.S. (1983):
Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera - A Phylogenetic Atlas.

Bolli,H.M. and Saunders,J.B. (1985):
Oligocene to Holocene low latitude planktic foraminifers.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy Eds: Bolli, H.M.Saunders, J.B. p. 155-262

Vincent,E. and Toumarkine,M. (1990):
Neogene planktonic foraminifers from the Western Tropical Indian Ocean, Leg 115.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 115 Eds: Duncan, R.A..Backman, J.Peterson, L.C. p. 795-836

Chaisson,W.P. and Leckie,R.M. (1993):
High-Resolution Planktonic Foraminifer Biostratigraphy of Site 806, Ontong Java Plateau (Western Equatorial Pacific).
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 130 Eds: Berger, W.H.Kroenke, L.W..Mayer, L.A..et al. p. 137-178

Berggren,W.A.; Hilgen,F.J.; Langereis,C.G.; Kent,D.V.; Obradovich,J.D.; Raffi,I.; Raymo,M.E. and Shackleton,N.J. (1995):
Late Neogene chronology: New perspectives in high-resolution stratigraphy . Geological Society of America Bulletin Vol. 107(11)

Berggren,W.A.; Kent,D.V.; Swisher,C.C. and Aubry,M.P. (1995):
A revised Cenozoic Geochronology and Chronostratigraphy.
In: Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication Vol. 54

Chaisson,W.P. and Pearson,P.N. (1997):
Planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy at Site 925: middle Miocene–Pleistocene.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 154 Eds: Shackleton, N.J.Curry, W.B.Richter, C.Bralower, T.J.
Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data
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