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Globigerinoides extremus Bolli & Bermudez 1965 from: Chaisson, W.P.Pearson, P.N. (1997): Planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy at Site 925: middle Miocene–Pleistocene. In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 154 Eds: Shackleton, N.J.Curry, W.B.Richter, C.Bralower, T.J.
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Species Globigerinoides extremus Bolli & Bermudez 1965


Diagnosis / Definition:
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983):
Test medium to high trochospire, all chambers of the final whorl distinctly compressed, the four chambers of the final whorl increasing regularly in size as added, but the last one may be somewhat reduced and distinctly flattened; sutures on both sides radial to slightly curved and depressed; surface distinctly pitted, primary aperture interiomarginal, umbilical, a distinct arch of medium height; chambers of the final whorl with one supplementary aperture opposite the primary one.
Discussion / Comments:
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983):
Gs. extremus evolved from Gs.obliquus by developing laterally compressed chambers in the final whorl and a distinctly flattened final chamber.
Chaisson & Pearson (1997):
Gs. extremus is considered a variant of Gs. obliquus by Bolli and Saunders (1985) and their figured holotypes are quite similar in appearance. The distinction between Gs. extremus and Gs. obliquus cannot be easily drawn at the FO of the former species, which is assigned an age of 8.0 by Berggren et al. (1985; adjusted to the Leg 154 time scale). The transition from the ancestral species to the descendant is gradual and can be observed between Samples 154-925B-27H-5, 65-67 cm, and 25H-5, 65-67 cm (248.65 to 229.65 mbsf). The datum is placed at the level where the compression of chambers in the final whorl reaches a maximum and the size of the final chamber is reduced relative to the penultimate chamber.
Chaisson & Leckie (1993):
Similar species: To be classified as Globigerinoides extremus, rather than as G. obliquus, specimens have a laterally compressed to nearly flat final chamber. The lateral compression of the chambers of specimens of G. conglobatus is accompanied by rounding of the edges of each chamber, giving the entire test a more spherical appearance.
Systematics:

1
 Superregnum Eukaryota
  Regnum Protoctista
   Phylum Ciliophora
    Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora
     Ordo Globigerinida
      Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
       Superfamilia Nonionacea
        Familia Globigerinidae
         Genus Globigerinoides
          Species Globigerinoides extremus

3
  Classis Foraminifera
   Genus Beella
    Genus Globigerinoides
     Species Catapsydrax unicavus
      Species Globigerinoides extremus
Synonym list:
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983):
1965 Globigerinoides obliquus extremus Bolli & Bermudez. - Bolli & Bermudez : p.139 pl 1 figs 10-12
Chaisson & d'Hondt (2000):
1983 Globigerinoides extremus Bolli & Bermudez. - Kennett & Srinivasan : p.58 pl 12 figs 1-3
1985 Globigerinoides obliquus extremus Bolli & Bermudez. - Bolli & Saunders : p.139 pl 1 figs 10-12
Chaisson & Pearson (1997):
1965 Globigerinoides obliquus extremus Bolli & Bermudez. - Bolli & Bermudez : p. 139 pl. 1, figs 10-12
1983 Globigerinoides extremus Bolli & Bermudez. - Kennett & Srinivasan : p. 58 pl. 12, figs 1-3
1985 Globigerinoides obliquus extremus Bolli & Bermudez. - Bolli & Saunders : p. 194 figs. 20.11
Chaisson & Leckie (1993):
1965 Globigerinoides obliquus extremus Bolli & Bermudez. - Bolli & Bermudez : p.139 pl. 1; fig. 10-12
1983 Globigerinoides extremus Bolli & Bermudez. - Kennett & Srinivasan : p.58 pl. 12; fig. 1-3
1985 Globigerinoides obliquus extremus Bolli & Bermudez. - Bolli & Saunders : p.194 fig. 20.11
1993 Globigerinoides extremus Bolli & Bermudez. - Chaisson & Leckie : p.170 pl. 2; fig. 3
Stratigraphy - absolute ages:
FAD: 8.3 ± 0 [Ma], Berggren et al. (1995)
LAD: 1.77 ± 0 [Ma], Berggren et al. (1995)
LAD: 1.77 ± 0 [Ma], Berggren et al. (1995) Mediterranean
LAD: 2.74 ± 0.05 [Ma], Chaisson & d'Hondt (2000) ODP Leg 165 Site 999
FAD: 10.31 ± 0.11 [Ma], Chaisson & d'Hondt (2000) ODP Leg 165 Site 999
LAD: 1.98 ± 0 [Ma], Chaisson & Pearson (1997) ODP Leg 154 Site 925
FAD: 8.58 ± 0 [Ma], Chaisson & Pearson (1997) ODP Leg 154 Site 925
References:

Bolli,H.M. and Bermudez,P.J. (1965):
Zonation based on planktonic foraminifers of Middle Miocene to Pliocene warm-water sediments. . Asoc. Venezolana Geol., Miner. Petrol. Bol. Inf. Vol. 8

Kennett,J. and Srinivasan,M.S. (1983):
Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera - A Phylogenetic Atlas.

Bolli,H.M. and Saunders,J.B. (1985):
Oligocene to Holocene low latitude planktic foraminifers.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy Eds: Bolli, H.M.Saunders, J.B. p. 155-262

Chaisson,W.P. and Leckie,R.M. (1993):
High-Resolution Planktonic Foraminifer Biostratigraphy of Site 806, Ontong Java Plateau (Western Equatorial Pacific).
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 130 Eds: Berger, W.H.Kroenke, L.W..Mayer, L.A..et al. p. 137-178

Berggren,W.A.; Hilgen,F.J.; Langereis,C.G.; Kent,D.V.; Obradovich,J.D.; Raffi,I.; Raymo,M.E. and Shackleton,N.J. (1995):
Late Neogene chronology: New perspectives in high-resolution stratigraphy . Geological Society of America Bulletin Vol. 107(11)

Berggren,W.A.; Kent,D.V.; Swisher,C.C. and Aubry,M.P. (1995):
A revised Cenozoic Geochronology and Chronostratigraphy.
In: Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication Vol. 54

Chaisson,W.P. and Pearson,P.N. (1997):
Planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy at Site 925: middle Miocene–Pleistocene.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 154 Eds: Shackleton, N.J.Curry, W.B.Richter, C.Bralower, T.J.

Chaisson,W.P. and d'Hondt,S.L. (2000):
Neogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy at Site 999, Western Caribbean Sea.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 165 Eds: Leckie, R.M.Sigurdsson, H.Acton, G.D.Draper, G. p. 19-56
Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data
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