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Schackoina cenomana Schacko 1897 from: Moullade, M.Bellier, J.P.Tronchetti, G. (2002): Hierarchy of criteria, evolutionary processes and taxonomic simplification in the classification of Lower Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera . Cretaceous Research Vol. 23 p. 111-148
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Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data
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Species Schackoina cenomana Schacko 1897


Discussion / Comments:
Caron (1985):
S. cenomana differs from the other Schackoina species in having 4 chambers in the last whorl, each with a single tubulospine.
Boudagher-Fadel et al. (1997):
Remarks: In 1897, Schacko described random thin-sections of planktonic foraminifera from the Cenomanian Chalk of Moltzow, Mecklenburg, Germany; these specimens had four chambers in the last of a succession of whorls, and these late chambers were narrowly elongated into 'tubulospines' (sensu Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan, 1957). Schacko (1897) called these forms Siderolina cenomana, but Siderolina is a d'orbigny genus (recte Siderolites) which is totally unrelated; Thalmann (1932) placed them in his new genus Schackoina as its type species. The existence of the type specimens of S. cenomana has never been established but hypotypes ('near topotypes') were figured by Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan (1957, pl. 2, figs 1, 2) from the Cenomanian of Luneburg, Germany. One of these specimens (Ibid., plate 2, figs la-c; reproduced in our Plate 10.7, Figs 1-3) is formally chosen here as the neotype, because it matches the original syntypes and is from a locality as near as possible to them and is, as far as we know, of the same age. Masella (1960) figured very many specimens of Schackoina (solid and thin-sectioned) from the Cenomanian of Sicily; she referred them to many subspecies of cenomana, including four-chambered forms as S. cenomana ss. (believed to range from the Cenomanian to the Turonian), five-chambered forms as S. pentagonalis Reichel, 1948 (Albian- Coniacian) and many others. Many of the thin sections drawn by Masella (1960) showed initial trochospiral whorls (buried by the adult involute planispiral) and the tubulospines of the early planispiral whorls preserved inside the adult chambers (which usually have their spines broken off). The youngest Schackoina was recorded from the Maastrichtian by Aurouze and de Klasz (1954). Schackoina differs from the older and shorterranged Leupoldina in having narrowly elongate tubulospines and in lacking the bulbous terminations to the elongate chambers typical of Leupoldina, even though, like Leupoldina, its last chambers may become bi- or even tri-serial, with its tubulospines becoming multiple on the final chambers. Schackoina differs from the Eocene genus Hantkenina, its larger, gross homeomorph, in possessing the smooth, microperforate wall typical of the Schackoinidae and Praehedbergellidae, and also in possessing trochospiral initial whorls and in having tubulospines which are thin-walled yet having broad inner spaces (Hantkenina has tubulospines which are thick-walled with very narrow inner spaces); these two genera are thus easily distinguished both in the solid specimen and in random thin-section. Schackoina cenomana has four chambers in the last whorl and is very involute; its umbilici are very small and narrow.
Pflaumann & Krasheninnikov (1977):
This tiny species, often smaller than 120 ìm in diameter, has been recorded from Cenomanian rocks nearly all over the world. Late Albian occurrences have been reported by Herb (1974) from the eastern Indian Ocean.
Systematics:

5
 Classis Foraminifera
  Familia Planomalinidae
   Genus Schackoina
    Species Schackoina cenomana

22
  Genus Schackoina
   Species Schackoina cabri
    Subspecies Subbotina angiporoides angiporoides

52
  Familia Planomalinidae
   Genus Globigerinelloides
    Genus Schackoina
     Species Globigerinelloides bentonensis
      Species Schackoina cenomana
Synonym list:
Moullade et al. (2002):
1897 Siderolina cenomana Schacko. - Schacko : p.166 pl 4 figs 3-5
2002 Schackoina ex gr. cenomana Schacko. - Moullade et al. : p.135
Caron (1985):
1897 Siderolina cenomana Schacko. - Schacko : p.166 pl 4 figs 3-5 (type reference)
1985 Schackoina cenomana Schacko. - Caron : p.75 figs 35.5-9
Loeblich & Tappan (1961):
1897 Siderolina cenomana Schacko. - Schacko : p.166 pl. 4; fig. 3-5
1930 Hantkenina cenomana Schacko. - Cushman & Wickenden : p.40 pl. 6; fig. 4-6
1932 Hantkenina (Schackoina) cenomana Schacko. - Thalmann : p.288
1947 Schackoina gandolfi Reichel. - Reichel : p.397 text-fig. 3a-g, 6 (3), 7 (3), 8a, 10 (1, 3, 4); pl. 8, fig. 1
1951 Schackoina cenomana Schacko. - North : p.74 pl. 5; fig. 9, 10
1952 Hastigerinoides rohri Brönnimann. - Brönnimann : p.55 text-fig. 29; pl. 1, fig. 8-9
1954 Schackoina gandolfi Reichel. - Aurouze & De Klasz : p.99 text-fig. 1C
1954 Schackoina sp. ex gr. cenomana Schacko. - Aurouze & De Klasz : pl. VIa
1955 Schackoina cenomana Schacko. - Montanaro-Gallitelli : 143, 144
non 1956 Schackoina sp. cf. gandolfi Reichel. - Küpper : p.44 pl. 8; fig. 4
1957 Schackoina cenomana Schacko. - Bolli et al. : p.26 pl. 2; fig. 1-2
1959 Schackoina gandolfi Reichel. - Bolli : p.263 pl. 20; fig. 12-18
1959 Schackoina cenomana Schacko. - Bykova et al. : p.300 text-fig. 676
1961 Schackoina cenomana Schacko. - Loeblich & Tappan : p.281 pl. 1; fig. 2-7
Boudagher-Fadel et al. (1997):
1897 Siderolina cenomana Schacko. - Schacko : p.166 text-fig. 4 (3-5)
1932 Schackoina cenomana Schacko. - Thalmann : p.289
1957 Schackoina cenomana Schacko. - Bolli et al. : p.26 pl. 2; fig. 1, 2 (near topotypes)
1960 Schackoina cenomana cenomana Schacko. - Masella : p. 11-13 text-fig. 1(1-9), 2(1-4), 10(1-4) (q.v. for synonymy)
1997 Schackoina cenomana Schacko. - Boudagher-Fadel et al. : p.201 pl. 10.7; fig. 1-5, 7; Figure: 10.1
Pflaumann & Krasheninnikov (1977):
1897 Siderolina cenomana Schacko. - Schacko : p.166 pl. 4; fig. 3-5
1961 Schackoina cenomana Schacko. - Loeblich & Tappan : p.270 pl. 1; fig. 2-7
1977 Schackoina cenomana Schacko. - Pflaumann & Krasheninnikov : p.562 pl. 6; fig. 5-7
Was used in synonym list of:
References:

Schacko,G. (1897):
Beitrag über Foraminiferen aus der Cenoman-Kreide von Moltzow in Mecklenburg . Archiv des Vereins der Freunde der Naturgeschichte in Mecklenburg Vol. 50 p. 161-168

Cushman,J.A. and Wickenden,R.T. (1930):
The development of Hantkenina in the Cretaceous with a description of a new species. . Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Vol. 6 p. 39-43

Thalmann,H.E. (1932):
Die Foraminiferen-Gattung Hantkenina Cushman, 1924, und ihre regional-stratigraphische Verbreitung . Eclogue Geologicae Helvetiae Vol. 25 p. 287-292

Reichel,M. (1947):
Les Hantkeninides de la Scaglia et des Couches rouges (Cretace Superieur) . Eclogae Geol. Helv. Vol. 40(2) p. 391-409

North,R.. (1951):
Foraminiferen aus der Unter- und Oberkreide des Österreichischen Anteils an Flysch, Helvetikum und Vorlandvorkommen . Austria, Geol. Bundesanst., Jahrb., Sonderband Vol. 3 p. 1-91(pls.1-9)

Brönnimann,P. (1952):
Globigerinidae from the upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Maestrichtian) of Trinidad, B.W.I. . Bulletins of American paleontology Vol. 34 p. 5-71

Aurouze,G.. and De Klasz,I. (1954):
Sur la presence de Schackoines dans le Cretace superieur de France, de Baviere et de Tunisie . Soc. Geol. France, Bull., ser. 6 Vol. 4 p. 97-103

Montanaro-Gallitelli,E.. (1955):
Schackoina from the Upper Cretaceous of the northern Appenines, Italy . Micopaleontology Vol. 1(2) p. 141-146

Küpper,K.. (1956):
Upper Cretaceous pelagic foraminifera from the "Antelope Shale" Glenn and Colusa counties, California . Cushman Found. Foram. Res., Contr. Vol. 7(2) p. 40-47

Bolli,H.M.; Loeblich,A.R. and Tappan,H. (1957):
The Planktonic foraminiferal families Hantkeninidae, Orbulinidae, Globorotaliidae, and Globotruncanidae . U.S. National Museum Bull. Vol. 215 p. 3-50

Bolli,H.M.; Loeblich,A.R. and Tappan,H. (1957):
Planktonic foraminifera families Hantkeninidae, Orbulinidae, Globorotaliidae and Globotruncanidae . United States National Museum Bulletin Vol. 215 p. 3-50

Bykova,N.K.; Vasilenko,V.P..; Voloshinova,N.A..; Myatiliuk,E.V.. and Subbotina,N.N. (1959):
Rotaliidac.
In: Osnovyie Paleontologii: Obsschaya chast, Prosteishie Eds: Rauser-Chernoussova, D.M..Fursenko, A.V.. p. 265-307

Bolli,H.M. (1959):
Planktonic foraminifera from the Cretaceous of Trinidad, B.W.I. . Bulletins of American Paleontology Vol. 39 p. 257-277

Masella,L. (1960):
Le Schackoina (Foraminifera, Globigerinacea) del Cretacico di Patti (Messina) . Rivista Mineraria Siciliana Vol. 11(61) p. 3-17

Loeblich,A.R. and Tappan,H. (1961):
Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera: Part I-Cenomanian . Micropaleontology Vol. 7 p. 257-304

Pflaumann,U. and Krasheninnikov,V.. (1977):
Early Cretaceous planktonic foraminifers from eastern North Atlantic, DSDP Leg 41 .
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 41 , Abidjan, Ivory Coast, to Malaga, Spain, February-April 1975 Eds: Gardner, J..Herring, J.. p. 539-564

Caron,M. (1985):
Cretaceous planktic foraminifera.
In: Plankton stratigraphy Eds: Bolli, H.M.Saunders, J.B.Perch-Nielsen, K. p. 17–86

Boudagher-Fadel,M.K.; Banner,F.T.; Whittaker,J.E. and Simmons,M.D. (1997):
Early Evolutionary History of Planktonic Foraminifera. Vol. 1

Moullade,M.; Bellier,J.P. and Tronchetti,G. (2002):
Hierarchy of criteria, evolutionary processes and taxonomic simplification in the classification of Lower Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera . Cretaceous Research Vol. 23 p. 111-148
Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data
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