Tjalsma (1977):
A broad species concept has been applied due to the wide variation. In the Miocene, specimens are frequently overcrusted with secondary calcite thus obtaining a very coarse surface texture. In typical specimens calcite growth on the apertural face has lowered the originally arched aperture to almost a slit (see Plate 7, Figures 10, 14). A similar phenomenon is seen in G. cf. bulloides described by Keany and Kennett (1972) from the upper Pliocene of a northern Antarctic core near Australia.
Van Eijden & Smit (1991):
Remarks. As true G. bulloides is very rare in the upper Oligocene at Site 758, we counted the few specimens as G. praebulloides Blow, 1959.
Rögl (1985):
To show the original species concept of G. bulloides the model no. 76 of d'Orbigny is figured here along with Banner& Blow's lectotype, which displays a somewhat stouter test but falls within the variability of the species. G. bulloides developed in the Middle Miocene, where it overlaps with its ancestor G. praebulloides. In that species chambers increase more rapidly in size, which results in a more elongate test shape with a higher and more asymmetrical arched aperture.
Srinivasan (1975):
Variation exists in the height and width of the
aperture and in the size of the final chamber.
Chaisson & Leckie (1993):
Remarks: Widely accepted as an indicator of high productivity associated
with upwelling waters (e.g., Duplessy et al., 1981), this species occurs from
the middle Miocene to the Pleistocene; it is much more common, however, in
the Pleistocene of Hole 806B. Its morphology is highly variable, but it is
identifiable by its highly arched, umbilical aperture. The Miocene forms, in
particular, are much smaller than temperate-water forms.
Similar species: No thickened rim occurs around the aperture, and the test
is finely perforate and hispid rather than cancellate, which distinguishes this
species from Globigerina woodi and G. apertura. G. bulloides is less oblate
than G. praebulloides. |
d'Orbigny,A.D. (1826):
Tableau méthodique de la classe des céphalopodes . Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, Ser 1 Vol. 7 p. 96-314
d'Orbigny,A.D. (1839):
Foraminifčres.
In: Histoire Physique, Politique et Naturelle de l'ile de Cuba2 (atlas vol 8 pls 1-12) Eds: de la Sagra, R. p. 1-224
Banner,F.T. and Blow,W.H. (1960):
Some primary types of species belonging to the superfamily Globigerinaceae . Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Vol. 11(1) p. 1-41
Srinivasan,M.S. (1975):
Middle Miocene Planktonic Foraminifera from the Hut Bay Formation, Little Andaman Island, Bay of Bengal . Micropaleontology Vol. 21(2) p. 133-150
Tjalsma,R.C. (1977):
Cenozoic Foraminifera from the South Atlantic, DSDP Leg 36.
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 36 p. 493-518
Kennett,J. and Srinivasan,M.S. (1983):
Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera - A Phylogenetic Atlas.
Rögl,F. (1985):
Late Oligocene and Miocene planktic foraminifera of the Central Paratethys.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy Eds: Bolli, H.M.Saunders, J.B.Perch-Nielsen, K. p. 315-328
Vincent,E. and Toumarkine,M. (1990):
Neogene planktonic foraminifers from the Western Tropical Indian Ocean, Leg 115.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 115 Eds: Duncan, R.A..Backman, J.Peterson, L.C. p. 795-836
Van Eijden,A.J.M. and Smit,J. (1991):
Eastern Indian Ocean Cretaceous and Paleogene quantitative biostratigraphy.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 121 Eds: Weissel, J.Peirce, J.Taylor, E.Alt, J. p. 77-123
Chaisson,W.P. and Leckie,R.M. (1993):
High-Resolution Planktonic Foraminifer Biostratigraphy of Site 806, Ontong Java Plateau (Western Equatorial Pacific).
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 130 Eds: Berger, W.H.Kroenke, L.W..Mayer, L.A..et al. p. 137-178
Chaisson,W.P. and Pearson,P.N. (1997):
Planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy at Site 925: middle Miocene–Pleistocene.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 154 Eds: Shackleton, N.J.Curry, W.B.Richter, C.Bralower, T.J.
Chaisson,W.P. and d'Hondt,S.L. (2000):
Neogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy at Site 999, Western Caribbean Sea.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 165 Eds: Leckie, R.M.Sigurdsson, H.Acton, G.D.Draper, G. p. 19-56
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