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Species Planorotalites palmerae Cushman & Bermudez 1937


Discussion / Comments:
Toumarkine & Luterbacher (1985):
This easily recognizable species is very much compressed and has a stellate axial periphery. The 5 to 7 chambers of the last whorl are radially elongated and prolonged by a spine fanned by the extension of the faint keel bordering them. This very distinctive Paleogene planktic foraminiferal species has been frequently confused with small specimens of the benthic genus Pararotalia (see, for example. Blow, 1979). Schmidt & Raju (1973) clearly demonstrated the difference between stellate representatives of the genus Pararotalia and Planorotalites palmerae. Pararotalia has a prominent umbilical knob and an areal aperture (see Figs. 20.30-32 of Pararotalia spinigera). The 'plug' visible sometimes in Planorotalites palmerae is composed of secondary incrustations and has nothing to do with the true umbilical plug in Pararotalia. Another criterion in favour of the planktic nature of Planorotalites palmerae is the evident evolutionary link with P.pseudoscitula which has been illustrated by Schmidt & Raju (1973) and Hillebrandt (1976) (see also Bronnimann & Rigassi, 1963; Hillebrandt, 1965).
Systematics:

1
 Superregnum Eukaryota
  Regnum Protoctista
   Phylum Ciliophora
    Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora
     Ordo Globigerinida
      Superfamilia Nonionacea
       Superfamilia Rotaliporacea
        Genus Planorotalites
         Species Planorotalites palmerae

15
  Classis Foraminifera
   Genus Morozovella
    Genus Planorotalites
     Species Planorotalites palmerae
Synonym list:
Toumarkine & Luterbacher (1985):
1937 Planorotalites palmerae Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p.26 pl 2 figs 51-53 (type reference)
1985 Planorotalites palmerae Cushman & Bermudez. - Toumarkine & Luterbacher : p.118 figs 20.14-29
Was used in synonym list of:
Astrorotalia palmerae Cushman & Bermudez 1937
Stratigraphy - absolute ages:
FAD: 50.4 ± 0 [Ma], Berggren et al. (1995)
References:

Cushman,J.A. and Bermudez,P.J. (1937):
Further new species of foraminifers from the Eocene of Cuba . Cushman Lab. Foraminiferal Res. Contrib Vol. 13

Brönnimann,P. and Rigassi,D. (1963):
Contribution to the geology and paleontology of the area of the city of Habana, Cuba and its surroundings . Ecoglae geologicae Helvetiae Vol. 56(1)

Hillebrandt,A. (1965):
Foraminiferen Stratigraphie i Alttertiär von Zumaya (Provinz Guipuzcoa, N.W.- Spanien) und ein Vergleich mit anderen Thethys gebieten . Abhandlungen Bayerische Akademie der Naturwissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse Vol. 123 p. 135-153

Schmidt,R. and Raju,D.S.N. (1973):
Globorotalia palmerae Cushman & Bermudez and closely related species from the Lower Eocene, Cauvery Basin, South India . Proc. Koninkl. Nederlandse Akad. wetenschapen ser B Vol. 76 p. 167-178

Hillebrandt,A. (1976):
Los formainiferos planctonicos, nummulitidos y coccolitoforidos de las zona de Globorotalia palmerae del Cuisiense (Eoceno inferior) en el ES de Espana (Provincias de Murcia y Alicante) . Revista Espanol de Micropaleontologia Vol. 8 p. 323-394

Blow,W.H. (1979):
The Cainozoic Globigerinida. 3 Vols p. 1413 pp

Toumarkine,M. and Luterbacher,H.P. (1985):
Paleocene and Eocene Planktic Foraminifera.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy p. 87-154

Berggren,W.A.; Kent,D.V.; Swisher,C.C. and Aubry,M.P. (1995):
A revised Cenozoic Geochronology and Chronostratigraphy.
In: Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication Vol. 54
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