Cribrohantkenina inflata Howe 1928 (TaxonConcept

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Species Cribrohantkenina inflata Howe 1928

Diagnosis / Definition:

Pearson et al. (2006):
DESCRIPTION. Type of wall: Smooth, normal perforate, probably non-spinose; tubulospines imperforate, smooth or with fine striations. Test morphology: Planispiral, biumbilicate, 5- 6 chambers in the final whorl increasing rapidly in size as added; chambers polygonal or spherical and laterally inflated in the adult whorl, especially the final chamber; peripheral outline lobate or angular; chambers of the adult whorl extended into a hollow tubulospine; primary aperture is an equatorial arch, low or tall and narrow, bordered by an imperforate lip, supplemented on the final 1-3 chambers by one or more (up to 16) additional areal apertures on the chamber face set in a delicate perforate apertural 'plate', each additional aperture surrounded by an imperforate thickened rim; sutures depressed and curved with deep restricted umbilici, pustules sometimes present in the umbilical region; tubulospines short and triangular, or long and slender, ends tapering to a point, positioned at the anterior chamber edge, spanning the suture between chambers, arising sharply from the supporting chamber and inclined forward in the direction of coiling at a low angle almost tangential with respect to the periphery in the final stages and contacting adjacent younger chambers along their outer periphery; penultimate tubulospines may be completely enveloped by globular younger chambers. Size: Maximum diameter excluding tubulospines is 0.58 mm and including tubulospoines 0.75 mm (Howe, 1928). Generally large, 0.40-1.0 mm.

Discussion / Comments:

Toumarkine & Luterbacher (1985):
Cribrohantkenina inflata is readily recognized by its 4 to 6 inflated chambers each carrying a stout spine in the last whorl and by its peculiar accessory areal apertures. The primary aperture is trilobate as in Hantkenina whereas the accessory areal apertures are tuberculate holes.
Van Eijden & Smit (1991):
Remarks. C. inflata was observed in samples from Section 121-757B-14H by a shipboard scientist.
Pearson et al. (2006):
DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.- Cribrohantkenina inflata is distinguished from H. nanggulanensis and all other hantkeninids by the presence of one of more areal apertures in addition to the primary aperture in the final adult chamber(s). Foms possessing a deeply crenulated primary aperture but no isolated additional aperture (a condition that probably represents the transition from H. nanggulanensis) are excluded from the genus. This taxon contains some of the largest individuals among modem and fossil planktonic foraminifera, attaining shell sizes in excess of 1.0 mm. DISCUSSION.- Several species with cribrate apertural systems of varying complexity have been described, i.e., Hantkenina infata Howe, Hantkenina mccordi Howe and Wallace, Hantkenina danvillensis Howe and Wallace, Hantkenina (Cribrohantkenina) bermudezi Thalmann and Hantkenina lazzarii Pericoli. In our research we examined large populations of Cribrohantkenina in ODP Sites 865 and 1053 (Coxall, 2000) but were unable to distinguish any clear stratigraphical or geographical trends in this character other than the first cribrohantkeninids tend to have a single additional areal aperture. Therefore, we refer all Cribrohantkenina morphotypes to the earliest named taxon, Hantkenina inflata Howe. Serial removal of the chambers of C. inflata reveals that chambers formed earlier in ontogeny possess simple Hantkenina-type apertures, thus pre-adult C. inflata are indistinguishable from co-occurring H. nanggulanensis and H. alabamensis. This observation serves to unite the two genera as members of a closely related clade. The additional apertures of this taxon may be circular, oval or keyhole-shaped and are usually symmetrically arranged along the equatorial plane. It is likely that they developed by invagination of the margins of a typical Hantkenina-type aperture (Bermudez, 1937; Bandy, 1949; Barnard, 1954; Banner and Blow, 1959; Ramsay, 1962; Blow and Banner, 1962; Dieni and Proto Decima, 1964). Specimens with apertures transitional in morphology between Hantkenina and Cribrohantkenina demonstrate that the evolution involved several steps and processes: broadening of the high-arched triradiate aperture (as seen in H. nanggulanensis); crenulation and invagination of the imperforate margin; and restriction of the primary aperture, creating isolated areal opening(s) in the imperforate surround. The precise stratigraphic range of Cribrohantkenina in the uppermost Eocene is difficult to establish in many sites because of common dissolution events associated with the Eocene/Oligocene climatic transition (e.g., Shackleton and Kennett, 1975; Zachos and others, 1996). Rare complete specimens, or more commonly fragments of the characteristic aperture system, have been found ranging up to the Eocenel Oligocene boundary at Torre Cardela, Fuente Caldera, and Molino de Cobo, Spain; Massignano, Italy; Tanzania (PNP, unpublished data); and ODP Site 707, Indian Ocean (Martinez-Gallego and Molina, 1975; Molina, 1986; Molina and others, 1988; Coccioni, 1988; Nocchi and others, 1988; Coxall, 2000) confirming that this genus existed in parallel with Hantkenina until their apparently simultaneous extinction at the boundary. Van Eijden (1995, p. 240) figured an interesting specimen with Cribrohantkenina-like areal apertures from Zone E12. This speclmen has the morphology of H. compressa, and is relatively small and compressed in comparison to the forms found in the upper Eocene. No other occurrences of Cribrohantkenina have been recorded below Zone E14, hence Van Eijden's specimen is considered a probable teratoid Hantkenina. An important feature of our Cribrohantkenina taxonomy is the synonomy of Cribrohantkenina lazzarii (Pericoli) with C. inflata. Cribrohantkenina lazzarii has been commonly recorded from the uppermost Eocene of Italy and Spain. It is described as differing from C. infata in having a more polygonal peripheral outline, more compact coiling (Pericoli, 1958) and a higher stratigraphic range, extending above the last occurrence of C. inflata to the Eocene/Oligocene boundary (Dieni and Proto Decima, 1964; Coccioni, 1988; Gonzalvo and Molina, 1992). The holotype of C. lazzarii has been examined under SEM for the first time in this work. Micrograph images revea~yhath e holotype is crushed and very poorly preserved (PI. 8.3, Figs. 15-16), hampering recognition of the cribrate aperture and exaggerating the polygonal morphology. In our investigations of uppermost Eocene assemblages (including DSDP Site 522, ODP Sites 707, Tanzania, Torre Cardela, and Massignano) we were unable to stratigraphically or morphologically distinguish the C. lazzarii morphotype from C. inflata at any location. Furthermore we have found inflated forms of the C. inflata-type ranging up to the Eocene/Oligocene boundary at Massignano, Tanzania and in the Spanish sections. In agreement with Coccioni (1988) and Gonzalvo and Molina (1992) we recognize that some forms of Cribrohantkenina have more polygonal chambers and an angular peripheral outline. However, we observe that this feature is also characteristic of earlier stages of ontogeny in all specimens of Cribrohantkenina and that loss of the final globular chamber through breakage (which is common in upper Eocene foraminiferal assemblages from the Tethyan region) changes the overall aspect of the shell considerably by emphasizing the pre-adult polygonal form. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS.- Cribrohantkenina inflata evolved gradually from H. nanggulanensis in the late Eocene by modification and invagination of the primary aperture in the final growth stages. As in Hantkenina, there is a tendency for specimens to become smaller and less inflated in the latest Eocene (cf. the C. lazzarii concept). STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE.- Upper Eocene. Upper Zone E1 4 to the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.- Worldwide, lowmid latitudes. Common at ODP Site 1053, North Atlantic, ODP Site 865, Central Pacific and coastal Tanzania. Absent from the high northern and southern hantkeninid localities such as the Labrador Sea and New Zealand. STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOBIOL0GY.- This species tends to yield low ò18O and high ò13C compared to other CO-existing species analyzed (Poore and Matthews, 1984; Coxall and others, 2000) indicating a warm, surface mixed layer habitat. There is no size related ò13C enrichment trend.

Systematics:

1
Superregnum Eukaryota
  Regnum Protoctista
   Phylum Ciliophora
    Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora
     Ordo Globigerinida
      Superfamilia Hantkeninacea
       Superfamilia Nonionacea
        Familia Hantkeninidae
         Genus Cribrohantkenina
          Species Cribrohantkenina inflata

15
  Classis Foraminifera
   Genus Cribrohantkenina
    Species Cribrohantkenina inflata

32
Ordo Foraminiferida
  Familia Hantkeninidae
   Genus Cribrohantkenina
    Species Cribrohantkenina inflata

35
  Ordo Foraminiferida
   Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
    Familia Hantkeninidae
     Genus Hantkenina
      Species Cribrohantkenina inflata
       Species Hantkenina alabamensis

Synonym list:

Toumarkine & Luterbacher (1985):

1928 Hantkenina inflata Howe. - Howe : p.14 pl 14 fig 2 (type reference)

1934 Hantkenina danvillensis Howe & Wallace. - Howe & Wallace : p.37 pl 5 figs 14, 17

1942 Hantkenina (Cribrohantkenina) bermudezi Thalmann. - Thalmann : p.812 pl 1 fig 6

1959 Hantkenina lazzarii Pericoli. - Pericoli : p.82 pl 1 figs 1-3

1985 Cribrohantkenina inflata Howe. - Toumarkine & Luterbacher : p.125 figs 26.1-7

Van Eijden & Smit (1991):

1928 Hantkenina inflata Howe. - Howe : p.14 pl. 14, fig. 2

1991 Cribrohantkenina inflata Howe. - Van Eijden & Smit : p.115

Pearson et al. (2006):

1928 Hantkenina inflata Howe. - Howe : p.14 pl. 14; fig. 2 [lower Oligocene, Old Fort St Stephens Bluff, Alabama, USA]

1932 Hantkenina mccordi Howe & Wallace. - Howe & Wallace : p.55 pl. 10; fig. 1a-b [Eocene, Jackson Fm., Danville Landing, Ouachita River, Louisiana]

1934 Hantkenina danvillensis Howe & Wallace. - Howe & Wallace : p.37 pl. 5; fig. 14, 17 [Eocene, Jackson Fm., Danville Landing, Ouachita River, Louisiana]

1937 Hantkenina (Sporohantkenina) brevispina Cushman. - Bermudez : p. 151-152 pl. 19; fig. 7-10 [upper Eocene, Globorotalia cerroazulensis Zone, Palmer Station 1640, Ramal Juan Criollo of Central Jatibonico, Camaguay Province, Cuba]; [Not Cushman, 1925]

1939 Hantkenina inflata Howe. - Rey : p.327 pl. XXII; fig. 18a-b [Bartonian and lower Oligocene, Nummulitique du Rharb, Marocco]

1942 Hantkenina (Cribrohantkenina) bermudezi Thalmann. - Thalmann : p.812 pl. 1; fig. 6 [Eocene, Pachuta Fm., Cocoa Sands, Choctaw County, Alabama, USA]

1946 Cribrohantkenina mccordi Howe & Wallace. - Cushman : p.38 pl. 7; fig. 18-22 [Eocene, Jackson Fm., Danville Landing, Ouachita River, Louisiana]

1950 Hantkenina (Cribrohantkenina) bermudezi Thalmann. - Brönnimann : p.417 pl. 56; fig. 6-9, 24-25 [upper Eocene, San Fernando Gp., Trinidad; Oceanic Fm., Barbados]

1957 Cribrohantkenina bermudezi Thalmann. - Bolli et al. : p.29 pl. 2; fig. 9-11 (hypotypes USNM P4784a-c); [Eocene, Pachuta Fm., Cocoa Sands, Choctaw County, Alabama]

1958 Hantkenina lazzarii Pericoli. - Pericoli : p.17 pl. 1; fig. 1-3 [upper Eocene-lower Oligocene, Camp. Fl2, Nera Ponte Rotto, Fossombrone, Italy]

1962 Cribrohantkenina danvillensis Howe & Wallace. - Blow & Banner : p.128 pl. 15, fig. 19(i-vii); pl. 15, fig. g-h [middle part of the Globigerapsis semiinvoluta Zone to the top of the C. danvillensis Zone, Lindi area, Tanzania]

1962 Cribrohantkenina bermudezi Thalmann. - Ramsay : p.86 pl. 16; fig. 11 [middle Eocene, Kitunda Bluffs, Lindi, Tanzania, Samples WA 1981]

1963 Cribrohantkenina inflata Howe. - Spraul : p.367 pl. 41; fig. 1-4 (re-illustrated from the literature)

1964 Cribrohantkenina lazzarii Pericoli. - Dieni & Proto Decima : p.576 pl. 45, fig. 25; pl. 46, fig. 26-20 [upper Eocene, Castelnuovo, Euganean Hills, Italy]

1964 Cribrohantkenina thalmanni Brönnimann. - Dieni & Proto Decima : pl. 46; fig. 31-34 [upper Eocene, Castelnuovo, Euganean Hills, Italy]; [Not Brönnimann, 1952]

1968 Cribrohantkenina inflata Howe. - Raju : p.291 pl. 1; fig. 6 [Turborotalia cerroazulensis Zone, Karaikal, Cauvery Basin, India]

1969 Cribrohantkenina inflata Howe. - Samanta : p.337 pl. 1; fig. 11a-b [upper Eocene Globorotalia cerroazulensis Zone of Bolli, upper Eocene, Kopili Fm., Garo Hills, Assam, India]

1975 Cribrohantkenina lazzarii Pericoli. - Martinez-Gallego & Molina : p.180 pl. 1; fig. 1a-b [upper Eocene C. inflata to C. lazzarii Zone, Torre Cardela, Spain]

1979 Cribrohantkenina inflata Howe. - Blow : p.1171 pl. 52, fig. 1-3; pl. 243, fig. 1-3 [late Eocene Zone P16, Lindi, Tanzania]

1988 Cribrohantkenina inflata Howe. - Coccioni et al. : 87-88 pl. 2, fig. 9-12; pl. 13, fig. 1-8 [upper Eocene, Massignano stratoptype section, Italy]

1988 Cribrohantkenina lazzarii Pericoli. - Coccioni : p.88 pl. 1; fig. 1-3 [upper Eocene Zone PIS-P17, Massignano, Marche- Umbria Basin, Italy]

1992 Cribrohantkenina lazzarii Pericoli. - Gonzalvo & Molina : p.116 pl. 1; fig. 1 [upper Eocene, Torre Cardela, Spain]

2006 Cribrohantkenina inflata Howe. - Pearson et al. : p.223 pl. 8.3; fig. 1-16 (Pl. 8.3, Figs. 1-2: new SEMs of the holotype of Hantkenina inflata Howe); (PI. 8.3, Figs. 9-10: new SEMs of the holotype of Hantkenina danvillensis Howe and Wallace); (P1. 8.3, Figs. 11-12: new SEM~of the holotype of Hantkenina mccordi Howe and W

Stratigraphy - absolute ages:

LAD: 34 ± 0 [Ma], Berggren et al. (1995)

Specimen:

Howe Collection - Louisiana State University Museum , Inventory number: LSU H 16

References:

Howe,H.V. (1928):
An observation on the range of the genus Hantkenina . Journal of Paleontology Vol. 2 p. 13-14

Howe,H.V. and Wallace,W.E. (1932):
Foraminifera of the Jackson Eocene at Danville Landing on the Ouachita, Catahoula Parish, Louisiana . Bull. Louisiana Dept. Conservation Geol. Vol. 2 p. 18-79

Howe,H.V. and Wallace,W.E. (1934):
Apertural characteristics of the genus Hantkenina with description of a new species . J Vol. 8 p. 35-37

Bermudez,P.J. (1937):
Nuevas especies de foraminiferos del Eoceno, de Cuba . Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. Vol. 11 p. 137-150

Rey,M. (1939):
Distribution stratigraphique des Hantkenina dans le Nummulitique du Rharb (Maroc) . Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France Vol. 5 p. 321-341

Thalmann,H.E. (1942):
Foraminiferal genus Hantkenina and its subgenera . American Journal of Sciences Vol. 240 p. 809-823

Cushman,J.A. (1946):
A rich foraminiferal fauna from the Cocoa sand of Alabama . Cushman Lab. Foram. Res. Spec. Publ. Vol. 16 p. 1-40

Brönnimann,P. (1950):
The Genus Hantkenina Cushman in Trinidad and Barbados, B.W.I. . Journal of Paleontology Vol. 24 p. 397-420

Bolli,H.M.; Loeblich,A.R. and Tappan,H. (1957):
The Planktonic foraminiferal families Hantkeninidae, Orbulinidae, Globorotaliidae, and Globotruncanidae . U.S. National Museum Bull. Vol. 215 p. 3-50

Pericoli,S. (1958):
Sulla presenza del genere Hantkenina Cushman nella Scaglia dell' Urbinate . Bollettino della Societa dei Naturalisti in Napoli Vol. 157 p. 2-26

Pericoli,S. (1959):
Sulla presenza del genere Hantkenina Cushman nell 'scaglia' dell'Urbinate . Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli Vol. 67 p. 68-89

Blow,W.H. and Banner,F.T. (1962):
The Mid-Tertiary (Upper Eocene to Aquitanian) Globigerinaceae.
In: Fundamentals of Mid‑Tertiary Stratigraphical Correlation Eds: Eames, F.E.Banner, F.T.Blow, W.H.Clarke, W.J. p. 61‑151

Ramsay,W.R. (1962):
Hantkenininae in the Tertiary rocks of Tanganyika . Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Vol. 13 p. 79-89

Spraul,G.L.. (1963):
Current status of the upper Eocene foraminiferal guide fossil, Cribrohantkenina . Journal of Paleontology Vol. 37 p. 366-370

Dieni,I.. and Proto Decima,F. (1964):
Cribrohantkenina ed atri Hantkeninidae nel1' Eocene superiore di Castelnuovo (Colli Euganci) . Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia Vol. 70 p. 555-592

Raju,D.S.N. (1968):
Eocene-Oligocene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Cauvery basin, South India . Memoires of the Geological Society of India Vol. 2 p. 286-289

Samanta,B.K. (1969):
Eocene planktonic foraminifera from the Gargo Hills, Assam, India . Micropalaeontology Vol. 15 p. 325-350

Martinez-Gallego,J.. and Molina,E.. (1975):
Estudio del Transito Eoceno-Oligoceno con Foraminiferos Planctonicos a1 sur de Torre Cardela (Provincia de Granada, Zona Subbetica) . Cuadernos de Geologia, Universidad de Granada Vol. 6 p. 177-195

Blow,W.H. (1979):
The Cainozoic Globigerinida. 3 Vols p. 1413 pp

Toumarkine,M. and Luterbacher,H.P. (1985):
Paleocene and Eocene Planktic Foraminifera.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy p. 87-154

Coccioni,R. (1988):
The genera Hantkenina and Cribrohantkenina (Foraminifera) in the Massignano section (Ancona, Italy).
In: The Eocene-Oligocene Boundary in the Marche-Umbria Basin (Italy), Ancona International Subcommission on Paleogene Stratigraphy, Special Publication II Vol. 2 Eds: Premoli Silva, I.Coccioni, R.Montanari, A.. p. 81-96

Coccioni,R.; Monaco,P..; Monechi,S..; Nocchi,M. and Parisi,G.. (1988):
Biostratigraphy of the Eocene-Oligocene boundary at Massignano, (Ancona, Italy).
In: The Eocene-Oligocene boundary in the Umbria-Marche Basin (Italy): International Subcommission on Paleogene Stratigraphy, (Industrie Grafiche F.lli Anniballi, Ancona) Eds: Premoli Silva, I.Coccioni, R.Montanari, A.. p. 59-80

Van Eijden,A.J.M. and Smit,J. (1991):
Eastern Indian Ocean Cretaceous and Paleogene quantitative biostratigraphy.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 121 Eds: Weissel, J.Peirce, J.Taylor, E.Alt, J. p. 77-123

Gonzalvo,C.. and Molina,E.. (1992):
Bioestratigrafia y cronocstratigrafia del transito Eoceno-Oligoceno en Torre Cardela (Espana) y Massignano (Italia) . Revista Espanola de Paleontologia Vol. 7 p. 109-126

Berggren,W.A.; Kent,D.V.; Swisher,C.C. and Aubry,M.P. (1995):
A revised Cenozoic Geochronology and Chronostratigraphy.
In: Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication Vol. 54

Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006):
Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513

Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data

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