Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi 1942 (TaxonConcept

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Species Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi 1942

Alternative name:

Hedbergella (Hedbergella) trocoidea Gandolfi 1942

Discussion / Comments:

Caron (1985):
The species with usually 7 chambers forming the last whorl is distinctly larger than morphologicalty similar Hedbergella species like H. planispira and also possesses a slightly higher trochospire.
Bellier & Moullade (2002):
Despite numerous works, there still remain some problems concerning the acceptance and taxonomic status of Hedbergella trocoidea, as well as its probable phylogenetic ancestor, Praehedbergella praetrocoidea. Praehedbergella praetrocoidea was created by Kretchmar and Gorbachik (1986) for what we consider as an intermediate morphologic stage (6-7 chambers in the last whorl) between Praehedbergella infracretacea (typically 5-chambered) and H. trocoidea (7-8). However, BouDagher-Fadel et al. assumed that : - P. praetrocoidea is an endemic species, restricted to the Crimean Peninsula; - H. trocoidea is cosmopolitan; - P. praetrocoidea has a microperforate wall structure, devoid of muricae, and thus has to be attributed to the genus Blefuscuiana (=Praehedbergella in our opinion; we do not follow the artificially restricted concept suggested by Banner and Desai, 1988 for the genus Praehedbergella, which was created by Gorbachik and Moullade, 1973; see Moullade, Bellier and Tronchetti, submitted). In 1998, BouDagher-Fadel et al. also showed that H. trocoidea has a macroperforate wall and muricae. But their observations were made on upper Aptian Crimean and lower Albian Tunisian material. Nothing is said about a possible re-examination of material from the type-locality, as well as Gandolfi's initial description and illustrations. In 1997, the authors described H. trocoidea as having only 6 to 7 chambers in the last whorl but the illustrations of BouDagher-Fadel et al. (1998) show specimens ranging from 6.5 to 8 chambers. In its type-locality (Breggia River section, N. Italy), H. trocoidea, a typically 7-8 chambered form on the basis of the original illustrations, was described (Gandolfi, 1942) from supposedly Aptian or Albian beds. In the Vocontian area (Moullade, 1966), as well as in ODP Leg 171B (Bellier et al., 2000) specimens attributable to H. trocoidea are abundant as early as the tapper Aptian/lowermost Albian, and then disappear within the lower Albian. Later in Leg 171B sites this species seems to reappear, with very rare specimens found in the upper Albian (see also Gradstein, 1978, DSDP Leg 44). The "H. trocoidea-like" morphotypes are extremely rare in the Vocontian region during the late Albian. The material originally illustrated by Gandolfi (1942) comes from level 14, which is presumably Aptian, of the Breggia River section. Our examination of upper Albian assemblages from the Breggia River section (levels 27 and 28 of Gandolfi), including TicineUa roberti, "Biticinella" breggiensis, HedbergeUa delrioeusis, Rotalipora subticinensis, etc., show the co-occurrence, together with this upper Albian assemblage, of some specimens morphologically very similar to H. trocoidea. In fact, in the micropaleontological literature, this species is frequently cited from levels extending from the upper Aptian to the upper Albian. The "first" LO of H. trocoidea in Site 1049 occurs in the H. planispira Zone, in the lower Albian, in accordance with Moullade, 1974. In Sites 1050 and 1052, very similar morphotypes (PI. 1, fig. 16-18) "reoccur" in the upper part of the Rotalipora ticinensis Zone (in which, as in the Breggia River material mentioned above, they seem to evolve towards Ticinella roberti) and reach the lower part of the R. appennininica Zone. Therefore, the first problem is to discern whether this represents two stratigraphically disjunct, homeomorphic taxa, or a single species with two periods of occurrence, separated by a middle Albian gap owing to unfavorable (ecologic/paleoceanographic) conditions. The poor to moderate preservation of the Breggia material does not permit detailed observation of the wall microstructure of the examined specimens. But in the Leg 171B material, both upper Aptian/lower Albian and upper Albian specimens (all with 7-8 chambers) attributable to H. trocoidea show a macroperforate wall and features that we interpret as muricae rather than perforation cones. This observation is consistent with BouDagher-Fadel et al. (1997), who suggest assignment of this species to the genus Hedbergella. In addition, a minor microstructural evolution is discernable in our material : the upper Aptian specimens (P1. 1, fig. 10-12) show muricae only on the first or second chambers of the last whorl, whereas the upper Albian forms, referred to as Hedbergella almadenensis (P1. l, fig. 16-18), have muricae on all but the last chambers. Out of this small microstructural difference there are also some characteristics that lead us to characterize the upper Albian specimens and to distinguish them from the upper Aptian-lower Albian forms, including : - periphery slightly more lobate; - umbilical flaps and area more developed; - less protruding chambers towards the umbilicus; - intercameral sutures slightly arcuate, instead of straight tin umbilical view); - diameter/height ratio slightly higher; - aperture slightly higher and less wide (i.e. less extended to the periphery). Moreover, the two forms have different ticinellid phylogenetic successors; Ticinella eubejaouaensis evolved in the latest Aptian from the Aptian morphotypes and T. roberti from the upper Albian ones. All these features lead to the conclusion that the two populations represent two homeomorphs and, thus, two distinct species, as was pointed out by Moullade (1969), who restricted the concept of the species H. trocoidea to the upper Aptian-lower Albian stock and attributed the upper Albian forms to Globigerina almadeneusis CUSHMAN and TODD, 1948. We examined SEM pictures (communicated by B.T. Huber) of the type material of this latter taxon, which is deposited in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History (Washington D.C.). Unfortunately, most of the type specimens are very poorly preserved. However, one of the paratypes looks similar to our material from Leg 171B and to that of the Vocontian region (in Moullade, 1969, pl. 1, fig. 19-20). Instead of erecting a new name, we are therefore led to use Hedbergella almadenensis for these upper Albian homeomorphs of the upper Aptian-lower Albian H. trocoidea.
Boudagher-Fadel et al. (1997):
Remarks: This species is characterized by having six to seven chambers in the last whorl, a convex dorsal side and a concave ventral side with a broad umbilicus. It evolved from Blefuscuiana praetrocoidea (Kretchmar and Gorbachik) in the Aptian by acquiring muricae over the early whorls and macroperforations (BouDagher-Fade1 et al., 1997a).
Pflaumann & Krasheninnikov (1977):
This species had been described from late Aptian to Albian section of Switzerland, Bavaria, France, Trinidad, Rumania, and Mexico.

Systematics:

5
Classis Foraminifera
  Familia Globotruncanidae
   Genus Hedbergella
    Species Hedbergella trocoidea

22
  Familia Globotruncanidae
   Subfamilia Hedbergellinae
    Genus Hedbergella
     Species Hedbergella trocoidea

52
  Familia Rotaliporidae
   Subfamilia Hedbergellinae
    Genus Hedbergella
     Species Hedbergella trocoidea

Synonym list:

Moullade et al. (2002):

1942 Anomalina lorneiana var. trocoidea Gandolfi. - Gandolfi : p.99 pl 2 fig 1; pl 4 figs 2,3; pl 13 figs 2-5

1959 Praeglobotruncana rohri Bolli. - Bolli : 267, 268 pl 22 figs 5-7

1966 Hedbergella (Hedbergella) trocoidea Gandolfi. - Moullade : 464, 465 pl 1 fig 18

1969 Hedbergella (Hedbergella) trocoidea Gandolfi. - Moullade : 464, 465 pl 1 fig 18

1981 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Bellier & Chitta : p.44 pl 4 figs 31-33

1986 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Gorbatchik : 93-95 pl 17 figs 1-5

1998 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Boudagher-Fadel et al. : p.101 pl 3 figs 1-9

Caron (1985):

1942 Anomalina lorneiana var. trocoidea Gandolfi. - Gandolfi : p.99 pl 2 figs 1a-c

1959 Praeglobotruncana rohri Bolli. - Bolli : p.267 pl 22 figs 5-7

1985 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Caron : 58, 59 figs 25.17-18

Loeblich & Tappan (1961):

1942 Anomalina lorneiana var. trocoidea Gandolfi. - Gandolfi : p.98 pl. 2, fig. 1; pl. 4, fig. 2-3; pl. 13, fig. 2, 5

1942 Anomalina lorneiana d'Orbigny. - Gandolfi : p.98 pl. 4, fig. 1, 19; pl. 8, fig. 2; pl. 13, fig. 1, 4

1948 Globigerina almadenensis Cushman & Todd. - Cushman & Todd : p.95 pl. 16; fig. 18-19

1951 Anomalina lorneiana var. trocoidea Gandolfi. - North : p.80 pl. 4; fig. 27-28

1956 Hedbergina seminolensis Harlton. - Brönnimann & Brown : p.529 pl. 20; fig. 4-6

1958 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Brönnimann & Brown : p.16 fig. 1

1959 Praeglobotruncana (Hedbergella) trocoidea Gandolfi. - Banner & Blow : p.18

1961 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Loeblich & Tappan : p.289 pl. 5; fig. 1-2

Leckie (1990):

1942 Anomalina lorneiana var. trocoidea Gandolfi. - Gandolfi : p. 99, pl. 2, figs, la-c; pl. 4, figs. 2-3; pl. 13, figs. 2a-b, 5a-b.

1984 Hedbergella aff. trocoidea Gandolfi. - Leckie : p. 599 pl. 3, figs. 5-10.

1990 Hedbergella aff. trocoidea Gandolfi. - Leckie : Pl. 1, Figs. 14-17

Bellier & Moullade (2002):

1942 Anomalina lorneiana var. trocoidea Gandolfi. - Gandolfi : p.99 pl. 2, fig. 1; pl. 4, fig. 2-3; pl. 13, fig. 2-5

1959 Praeglobotruncana rohri Bolli. - Bolli : 267-268 pl. 22; fig. 5-7

1966 Hedbergella (Hedbergella) trocoidea Gandolfi. - Moullade : 90-93 pl. 7; fig. 26

1969 Hedbergella (Hedbergella) trocoidea Gandolfi. - Moullade : 464-465 pl. 1; fig. 18

1974 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Longoria : p.69 (pars) pl. 17, fig. 1-9; (non) pl. 17, fig. 10-16; pl. 18, fig. 3-5

p 1974 Ticinella bejaouaensis Sigal. - Longoria : 84-95 pl. 21; fig. 9-11, 14

1978 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Gradstein : p.673 pl. 10; fig. 5-6

1981 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Bellier & Chitta : p.44 pl. 4; fig. 31-33

1986 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Gorbatchik : 93-95 pl. 17; fig. 1-5

1998 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Boudagher-Fadel et al. : p.101 pl. 3; fig. 1-9

2002 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Bellier & Moullade : p.21 pl. 1; fig. 10-12

Boudagher-Fadel et al. (1997):

1942 Anomalina lorneiana var. trocoidea Gandolfi. - Gandolfi : p.99 pl. 2, fig. 1a-c; pl. 4, fig. 2, 3; pl. 3, fig. 2a, b, 5a, b

1974 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Longoria : p.69 pl. 17, fig. 1-16; pl. 18, fig. 3-5

1986 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Gorbatchik : p. 93-95 pl. 17; fig. 1-5

1987 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Ben Haj Ali : p.83 pl. 2; fig. 1-3, 9-11

1991 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Altiner : p.170 pl. 15, fig. 7-12

sic! 1993 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Shahin : p.423

1995 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Boudagher-Fadel : p. 150, 151 pl. 2; fig. 13

1997 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Boudagher-Fadel et al. : p. 7, 207 pl. 1.1, fig. 7, pl. 11.1, fig. 4; Figure: 8.2

1997 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Boudagher-Fadel et al. : p.5 pl. 2; fig. 1-9 (q.v. for full synonymy)

Pflaumann & Krasheninnikov (1977):

1942 Anomalina lorneiana var. trocoidea Gandolfi. - Gandolfi : p.99 pl. 2; fig. 3-5

1969 Hedbergella trocoidea Gandolfi. - Caron & Luterbacher : p.23 pl. 7; fig. 1, 2a-c (lectotype)

References:

Gandolfi,R. (1942):
Ricerche micropaleontologiche e stratigraphiche sulla Scaglia e sul Flysch cretacici dei dintorni di Balerna (Canton Ticino) . Rivista Italiana di PaleontologiaMemoria 4 p. 1-160

Cushman,J.A. and Todd,R. (1948):
A foraminiferal fauna from the New Almaden District California . Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Vol. 24 p. 90–98

North,R.. (1951):
Foraminiferen aus der Unter- und Oberkreide des Österreichischen Anteils an Flysch, Helvetikum und Vorlandvorkommen . Austria, Geol. Bundesanst., Jahrb., Sonderband Vol. 3 p. 1-91(pls.1-9)

Brönnimann,P. and Brown,N.K. (1956):
Taxonomy of the Globotruncanidae . Ecoglae geologicae Helvetiae Vol. 48 p. 503-561

Brönnimann,P. and Brown,J.N.K.. (1958):
Hedbergella, a new name for a Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferal genus . Washington Acad. Sci., Jour. Vol. 48(1) p. 15-17

Banner,F.T. and Blow,W.H. (1959):
The classification and stratigraphical distribution of the Globigerinaceae . Paleontology Vol. 1(2) p. 1-27

Bolli,H.M. (1959):
Planktonic foraminifera from the Cretaceous of Trinidad, B.W.I. . Bulletins of American Paleontology Vol. 39 p. 257-277

Loeblich,A.R. and Tappan,H. (1961):
Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera: Part I-Cenomanian . Micropaleontology Vol. 7 p. 257-304

Moullade,M. (1966):
Etude stratigraphique et micropaléontologique du Crétacé inférieur de la "fosse vocontienne" . Documents des Laboratoires de Géologie de la Faculté des Sciences de Lyon Vol. 15 p. 1-369

Moullade,M. (1969):
Sur l’importance des phénomènes de convergence morphologique chez les Foraminifères planctoniques du Crétacé inférieur . Proceedings of the First International Conference on Planktonic Microfossils, Geneva 1967 Vol. 2 p. 460-467

Caron,M. and Luterbacher,H.P. (1969):
On some type specimens of Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera . Contrib. Cushman Found. Foram. Res. Vol. 20 p. 23

Longoria,J.F. (1974):
Stratigraphic, morphologic and taxonomic studies of Aptian planktonic Foraminifera . Revista Espanola de MicropaleontologíaNo extraord p. 1-107

Pflaumann,U. and Krasheninnikov,V.. (1977):
Early Cretaceous planktonic foraminifers from eastern North Atlantic, DSDP Leg 41 .
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 41 , Abidjan, Ivory Coast, to Malaga, Spain, February-April 1975 Eds: Gardner, J..Herring, J.. p. 539-564

Gradstein,F.M. (1978):
Biostratigraphy of Lower Cretaceous Blake Nose and Blake-Bahama basin foraminifers DSDP Leg 44, Western North Atlantic Ocean . Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 44 p. 663-701

Bellier,J.P. and Chitta,N. (1981):
Foraminifères planctoniques et zonation de l’Aptien du Djebel Goraa (Tunisie septentrionale) . Cahiers de Micropaléontologie Vol. 3 p. 37-49

Leckie,M.R. (1984):
Mid-Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy off Morocco, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 79, Sites 545 and 547 . Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 79 p. 579–620

Caron,M. (1985):
Cretaceous planktic foraminifera.
In: Plankton stratigraphy Eds: Bolli, H.M.Saunders, J.B.Perch-Nielsen, K. p. 17–86

Gorbatchik,T.N. (1986):
Jurassic and Early Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera of the south of the USSR [in Russian]. p. 239

Ben Haj Ali,N.. (1987):
Étude biostratigraphique du Crétacé (Aptien á Cénomanien) de la Région du Teboursouk (Tunisie septentrionale) sur la base des foraminiféres planctoniques . Notes du Service Géologique Tunisie Vol. 54 p. 75-105

Leckie,M.R. (1990):
Middle Cretaceous Planktonic Foraminifers of the Antarctic Margin: Hole 693A, ODP Leg 113.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Programme Vol. 113 Eds: Parker, P.F..Kennett, J.P.O'Connell, S..Pisias, N.G. p. 319-324

Altiner,D.A.. (1991):
Microfossil biostratigraphy (mainly foraminifers) of the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous carbonate successions in north-western Anatolia (Turkey) . Geologica Romana Vol. 27 p. 167-213

Shahin,A.M.. (1993):
Biostratigraphy of the subsurface Lower Cretaceous succession in the Bardawli area, northern Sinai, Egypt. . Neues Jahrbuch fir Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte p. 413-433

Boudagher-Fadel,M.K. (1995):
The planktonic foraminifera of the Early Cretaceous of Tunisia compared to those of western and central Tethys . Paleopelagos Vol. 5 p. 137-160

Boudagher-Fadel,M.K.; Banner,F.T.; Gorbatchik,T.N.; Simmons,M.D. and Whittaker,J.E. (1997):
The evolution of Hedbergella from Praehedbergella . Journal of Micropalaeontology (in press)

Boudagher-Fadel,M.K.; Banner,F.T.; Whittaker,J.E. and Simmons,M.D. (1997):
Early Evolutionary History of Planktonic Foraminifera. Vol. 1

Boudagher-Fadel,M.K.; Banner,F.T.; Gorbatchik,T.N.; Simmons,M.D. and Whittaker,J.E. (1998):
On the evolution of the Hedbergellidae from the Praehedbergellidae . Journal of Micropaleontology Vol. 17 p. 97-103

Bellier,J.P. and Moullade,M. (2002):
Lower Cretaceous Planktonik Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy Of The Western North Atlantic (ODP LEG 171B), And Taxonomic Clarification Of Key Index Species . Revue de Micropaleontologie Vol. 45(1) p. 9-26

Moullade,M.; Bellier,J.P. and Tronchetti,G. (2002):
Hierarchy of criteria, evolutionary processes and taxonomic simplification in the classification of Lower Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera . Cretaceous Research Vol. 23 p. 111-148

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