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Species Globigerina officinalis Subbotina 1953


Diagnosis / Definition:
Pearson et al. (2006):
DESCRIPTION. Type of wall: Normal perforate, spinose, bulloides-type wall structure. Test morphology: Test low trochospiral, lobulate in outline, chambers globular; in spiral view 4 globular, slightly embracing chambers in ultimate whorl, increasing rapidly in size, sutures moderately depressed, straight, last 4 chambers make up about three-fifths of the test size; in umbilical view 31/2 globular, slightly embracing chambers, increasing rapidly in size, sutures moderately depressed, straight, umbilicus small, open, enclosed by surrounding chambers, aperture umbilical, a low to high arch bordered by an imperforate rim; in edge view chambers globular in shape, slightly embracing. Size: Maximum diameter of holotype 0.20 mm, thickness 0.11 mm.
Discussion / Comments:
Van Eijden & Smit (1991):
Remarks. G. officinalis is the ancestor of Globigerinita glutinata (Egger, 1893), from which it differs by being less compact and lacking a bulla. Four-chambered G. angustiumbilicata Bolli, 1957a specimens are lower trochospiral.
Pearson et al. (2006):
DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.- This small species is characterized by its globular, slightly embracing chambers with a moderately high-arched aperture bordered by a thickened imperforate rim, and its bulloides-type wall texture. It is distinguished from Globigerina praebulloides by its less gaping aperture and slower rate of chamber enlargement. DISCUSSION.- Globigerina oflcinalis appears to be the initial species in the evolution of the genus Globigerina. The development of Globigerina (bulloides-type) wall texture is observed in Subbotina crociapertura Blow, which first appears in Zone P9. Subbotina crociapertura, however, retains the basic large subbotinid test morphology and has a distinctive umbilical-extraumbilical hook-shaped aperture, which suggests a morphologic trend away from the Globigerina test morphology. The origin of the genus is most likely derived hom a closely related subbotinid in which the bulloides wall first evolved, Subbotina roesnaesensis n. sp. Globigerina officinalis is little used by workers in the Eocene, which may-%e due to its small size and lack of biostratigraphic value. Blow and Banner (1962) erected two subspecies of Globigerina praebulloides Blow, G. praebulloides leroyi and G. praebulloides occlusa. Globigerinapraebulloides leroyi (their pl. 9, figs. R-T) has a bulloides wall texture but G. praebulloides occlusa has a cancellate wall texture, which excludes it horn Globigerina. Globigerina praebulloides Blow (described from the middle Miocene) has a larger, more open aperture, and a more rapid increase in chamber size than does G. praebulloides leroyi. The latter is more similar to G. offiinalis in having a smaller more umbilically restricted aperture and in the slower rate of chamber size increase. Subbotina (1953) stressed the variability in size of the ultimate chamber of G. officinalis and illustrated this range of variation in a suite of specimens (holotype and originals). One of the originals (= paratype?; Subbotina, 1953, pl. 1 1, fig. 3a-c) shows a larger ultimate chamber than the holotype (Subbotina, 1953, pl. 11, fig. 1 a-c). G. praebulloides leroyi closely resembles Subbotina's figure 2 a-c. Thus, there is a moderate range of variability in the initial lineage of Globigerina and given current information it is preferable to treat these morphotypes as a single species, G. officinalis. Globigerina praebulloides was derived from G. oflcinalis in the early Oligocene and became the stem species for the radiation of Globigerina in the Oligocene. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS.- Probably evolved from Subbotina roesnaesensis n. sp. in the middle Eocene. It gave rise to Globigerina praebulloides in the early Oligocene. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.- Distributed in low to mid latitudes. STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOBIOL0GY.- Recorded by Pearson and others (2001) with relatively negative ò180 and positive ò13C suggesting a shallow water habitat.
Systematics:

22
 Genus Globigerina
  Species Globigerina officinalis

32
 Ordo Foraminiferida
  Familia Globigerinidae
   Genus Globigerina
    Species Globigerina officinalis

35
  Ordo Foraminiferida
   Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
    Familia Globigerinidae
Synonym list:
Van Eijden & Smit (1991):
1953 Globigerina officinalis Subbotina. - Subbotina : p.78 pl. 11, figs. 1-7
1991 Globigerina officinalis Subbotina. - Van Eijden & Smit : p.110
Spezzaferri & Silva (1990):
1953 Globigerina officinalis Subbotina. - Subbotina : pl. 11; fig. 1-7
1990 Globigerina officinalis Subbotina. - Spezzaferri & Silva : p.244 pl. VI; fig. 1a-b, 2a-c
Pearson et al. (2006):
1953 Globigerina officinalis Subbotina. - Subbotina : p.105 pl. 11, fig. 1-7, fig. 1(holotype), 3, 4, 6, 7 [upper Eocene Bolivina Zone, Khieu River, Northern Caucasus]; fig. 2 [lower Oligocene, Northern Caucasus]
1962 Globigerina officinalis Subbotina. - Blow & Banner : p.88 pl. 9; fig. A-C [lower Oligocene Globigerina oligocaenica Zone, Lindi area, Tanzania]
1962 Globigerina praebulloides leroyi Blow & Banner. - Blow & Banner : p.93 pl. 9; fig. R-T [lower Oligocene Globigerina oligocaenica Zone, Sample FCRM 1965, Lindi area, Tanzania]
1969 Globigerina officinalis Subbotina. - Blow : p.78 pl. 1; fig. 1-7 (reillustration of Blow and Banner, 1962, pl. 9, figs. A-C)
1979 Globigerina officinalis Subbotina. - Blow : p.798 pl. 1; fig. 1-7 (reillustration of Blow and Banner, 1962, pl. 9, figs. A-C)
1995 Globigerina officinalis Subbotina. - Poag & Commeau : pl. 7; fig. 8, 9 [lower Oligocene Zone 04, Hammond Core, Maryland]
2006 Globigerina officinalis Subbotina. - Pearson et al. : p.119 pl. 6.1; fig. 1-16 (Pl. 6.1, Figs. 1-3: new SEMs of paratype of Globigerina oficinalis Subbotina)
Quilty (1976):
1953 Globigerina officinalis Subbotina. - Subbotina : p.78 pl. 11, fig. 1a-c
1976 Globigerina officinalis Subbotina. - Quilty : p.671 pl. 3, figs. 8-9
Was used in synonym list of:
Globoturborotalita ouachitaensis Howe & Wallace 1932
Specimen:
VNIGRI collections, St. Petersburg, Inventory number: 4038
References:

Subbotina,N.N. (1953):
Iskopaemye foraminifery SSSR (Globigerinidy, Khantkenininidy i Globorotaliidy) . Trudy Vsesoyznogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Geologo-razvedochnogo Instituta (VNIGRI) Vol. 76 p. 296

Subbotina,N.N. (1953):
Fossil foraminifera of the USSR. Globigerinidae, Hantkeninidae and Globorotaliidae [in Russian] . Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Neftyanogo Nauchno-Isledovatelskogo Geologo-Razvedochnogo Instituta (VNIGRI), Novaya Seriya Vol. 76 p. 1-296

Blow,W.H. and Banner,F.T. (1962):
The Mid-Tertiary (Upper Eocene to Aquitanian) Globigerinaceae.
In: Fundamentals of Mid‑Tertiary Stratigraphical Correlation Eds: Eames, F.E.Banner, F.T.Blow, W.H.Clarke, W.J. p. 61‑151

Blow,W.H. (1969):
Late middle Eocene to Recent planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy.
In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Planktonic Microfossils, Geneva 1967 Vol. 1 Eds: Bronnimann, P.Renz, H.H. p. 199-422

Quilty,P.G.. (1976):
Planctonic foraminifera DSDP Leg 34- Nazca Plata . DSDP initial reports Vol. 34

Blow,W.H. (1979):
The Cainozoic Globigerinida. 3 Vols p. 1413 pp

Spezzaferri,S. and Silva,I.S.. (1990):
Oligocene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoclimatic interpretation from Hole 538A, DSDP Leg 77, Gulf of Mexico . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Vol. 83 p. 217-263

Van Eijden,A.J.M. and Smit,J. (1991):
Eastern Indian Ocean Cretaceous and Paleogene quantitative biostratigraphy.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 121 Eds: Weissel, J.Peirce, J.Taylor, E.Alt, J. p. 77-123

Poag,C.W.. and Commeau,J.A.. (1995):
Paleocene to middle Miocene planktic foraminifera of the southwestern Salisbury Embayment, Virginia and Maryland: biostratigraphy, allostratigraphy, and sequence stratigraphy . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 25 p. 134-155

Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006):
Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513
Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data
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