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Species Subbotina roesnaesensis Olsson & Berggren 2006 | ||||||
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| Diagnosis / Definition: | ||||||
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Pearson et al. (2006): DESCRIPTION.- Type of wall: Normal perforate, spinose, ruber-type wall texture. Test morphology: Test tripartite, relatively large (0.3-0.55 mm in diameter), very low trochospiral, globular, lobulate in outline, chambers globular, ovoid in shape, wider than high, loosely embracing; in spiral view 3-4 ovoid, loosely embracing chambers in ultimate whorl, increasing rapidly in size, sutures strongly depressed, gently curved on umbilical and spiral sides of the test, ultimate chamber varies in size from reduced to large; in umbilical view 3 1/2-4 globular, loosely embracing chambers, increasing rapidly in size, sutures strongly depressed, straight, umbilicus a fairly large opening, aperture umbilical, a low arch, bordered by a narrow lip that may vary slightly in width, and which is in some instances recessed under apronounced overhang of the final chamber, ultimate chamber varies in size from reduced to large; in edge view chambers globular in shape, embracing. Size: Maximum diameter of holotype 0.32 mm, thickness 0.23 mm |
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| Discussion / Comments: | ||||||
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Pearson et al. (2006): ETYMOLOGY.- Named after the Rosnaes Clay Formation in Denmark from where the holotype was described. DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.- Subbotina roesnaesensis is distinguished by its very low trochospiral, lobulate test with 3 1/2-4 rapidly enlarging, ovoid-shaped, loosely embracing chambers, and its ruber-type wall texture. DISCUSSION.- Berggren (1960, text-fig. 8) illustrated a group of "globigerinid" (vel subbotinid) morphotypes in the lower Eocene Rosnaes Clay Formation of Denmark which exhibited a large degree of variation in the arrangement of chambers in the final whorl and the position of the aperture. Similar variation was observed in 'globigerinids'/subbotinids from equivalent stratigraphic levels in California and in the Caucasus, and this variation was ascribed to intraspecific variation within a single taxon (and subsequently examined quantitatively by Berggren and Kurtén,l961). This is consistent with our understanding of the morphologic plasticity among living planktonic foraminifera (Hemleben and others, 1989). This taxon has probably been described and/or recorded under a variety of names and guises in the literature, particularly in the former Soviet Union (for a thorough discussion of the taxonomy of this group see Berggren and Norris, 1997: 46). With the recognition here that the typical patagonica of Todd and Kniker, 1952 possesses a wall texture different (symmetric, coarsely cancellate) from foms that have been ascribed to that species for the past 30 years, it has become necessary to designate a new name - roesnaesensis (which has an asymmetric ruber-wall texture) for them. However, although the illustrations by Shutskaya (1970) of a variable group of subbotinids (Globigerina hevensis, Globigerina rotundaenana, Globigerina elongata, Globigerina contorta, Globigerina sp. 1, Globigerina sp. 2, Globigerina ex. gr eocaenica) from the Caucasus included by Berggren and Norris (1997) under the name patagonica are generally of high quality, it is not possible to determine whether the different morphotypes consistently possess the asymmetric ruber wall texture for which we have chosen the new name roesnaesensis. For this reason we have refrained from choosing a name for this taxon from among the various morphotypes described by Shutskaya (1970). See Berggren and Norris (1997, p. 45) for further discussion of the possible synonymy of other species. PHYLOGENETTC RELATIONSHIPS.- Subbotina roesnaesensis is derived from Subbotina triangularis (White) in Zone PS. Blow (1979, p. 1261) believed that his morphospecies (Blow's Subbotina eocaenica? Terquem = S. roesnaesensis Olsson and Berggren n. sp.)represented direct ancestry of Subbotina frontosa (Subbotina) through the concomitant increase in size of the last chamber and lateral translation of a higher arched aperture to a more peripheral position. However, the species frontosa, here placed in Turborotalia, is a nonspinose form unrelated to S. roesnaesensis (see discussion under Turborotalia frontosa). Nevertheless, S. roesnaesensis is regarded as the stem species for the radiation of many middle Eocene species of Subbotina (Fig. 6.2). GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.- Global in low- to mid latitudes. It occurs in "floods" in Zone E5 (=NP 12) in the lower Eocene of California, Denmark, the London Clay of England, in the Nummulites planulatus Sands of Belgium and in the "red clay" facies in the (otherwise flysch-like) sediments of the Hordaland Group, North Sea (where it has been recorded under the name Globigerina ex gr. linaperta by King, 1983 and Murray and others, 1989). In Egypt, this form occurs in the uppermost Paleocene (Zone P5) and lower Eocene (Zones E3-6) of the Esna Shale Formation where it disappears locally during the brief, extreme warmth of the PETM interval. In the Bass River section of coastal plain New Jersey this form has its first occurrence within the PETM. STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOBI0LOGY.- No data available. |
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| Systematics: | ||||||
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35 Ordo Foraminiferida Superfamilia Globigerinaceae Familia Globigerinidae Genus Subbotina Species Subbotina roesnaesensis |
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| Synonym list: | ||||||
| Pearson et al. (2006): p 1953 Globigerina eocaenica var. eocaenica Terquem. - Subbotina : p. 80, 81 pl. 11, fig. 8a-c [lower Eocene Zone of compressed Globorotalia, North Caucasus];
fig. 9a-c [lower Eocene Zone of conical
globorotaliids, Khieu River section, Nal'chik, North Caucasus] (partim; not pl. 11, figs. 1Oa-11c); [Not Terquem, 1882]
p 1960 Globigerina yeguaensis Weinzierl & Applin. - Berggren : P: 73-83 pl. 2, fig. 1a-4c;
pl. 3, fig. 1a-3c;
pl. 4, fig. 1a-2c;
pl. 8, fig. 1a-5c;
text-fig. 1 [lower Eocene Zone NPI2,Ypresian Stage, Rosnaes Clay Fm., Rsgle Klint, Jutland, Denmark];
pl. 2, fig. 1a-c;
pl. 3, fig. 2a-c;
pl. 8, fig. 1a-c [lower Eocene, Rosnaes Clay, Rsgle Klint, Denmark];
pl. 4, fig. 1a-2c [lower Eocene,
Hollbecker Berg, northwestern Germany];
pl. 2, fig. 3a-4c;
pl. 8, fig. 4 [lower Eocene, "Tarras" at Katharinenhof, Fehmarn, northwest Germany];
pl. 4, fig. 1a-2c [lower
Eocene 3 at Hollbecker Berg, northwest Germany]
(partim, not pl. 2, figs. 2a-4c; pl. 3, fig. la-c,
3a-c; pl. 8, figs. 2a-5c.); [Not
Weinzierl and Applin, 1929.]
? 1979 Subbotina eocaenica Terquem. - Blow : p. 1260-1262 pl. 142, fig. 4, 5 [lower Eocene Zone E6 of Blow, DSDP Hole 20C, South Atlantic Ocean];
pl. 152, fig. 9 [lower Eocene Zone P9, piston core, KANE 9, core 42, Endeavour Seamount, equatorial Atlantic Ocean];
pl. 160, fig. 1 [middle Eocene, Zone E8, piston core, KANE 9, core 42, Endeavour Seamount, equatorial Atlantic Ocean] [Not Terquem, 1882.]
1979 Subbotina sp. . - Blow : p.1260 pl. 158; fig. 5 [given as
Subbotina sp. ex interc Subbotina eocaenica? (Terquem)
and S. frontosa frontosa (Subbotina)] [middle Eocene Zone
E8, piston core, KANE 9, core 42, Endeavour Seamount,
equatorial Atlantic Ocean]
p 1989 Globigerina patagonica Todd & Kniker. - Murray et al. : p.260 pl. 8.10; fig. 6-8 (partim; not pl. 10.10, figs.
10-12 = reillustration of 1981, pl. 8.10, figs. 8-10.); [lower Eocene Ypresian Stage, London Clay Fm., Essex, UK]. [Not Todd and Kniker, 1952.]
1991 Subbotina velascoensis Cushman. - Huber : p.441 pl. 4; fig. 11, 12 [upper Paleocene Zone AP5, ODP Hole 738C, Kerguelen Plateau, southern lndian Ocean]. [Not Cushman, 1925]
1992 Subbotina patagonica Todd & Kniker. - Berggren : p.563 pl. 2; fig. 16 [lower Eocene Zone E7, ODP Hole I2O; Kerguelen Plateau, South Indian Ocean]
1995 Subbotina patagonica Todd & Kniker. - Lu & Keller : p.102 pl. 5, fig. 12-14 [lower Eocene, DSDP Site 577, Shatsky Rise, northwest Pacific Ocean]
2000 Subbotina patagonica Todd & Kniker. - Warraich et al. : p.299 fig. 18:4, 5, 11 [Zone E5, Dungan Pm,, Sulaiman Range, Pakistan]
2001 Subbotina patagonica Todd & Kniker. - Warraich & Ogasawara : p.48 fig. 13: 4, 8, 12 (reillustration of Warraich and others, 2000, fig. 18: 4,5,11). [Not Todd and Kniker, 1952]
2006 Subbotina n sp. roesnaesensis Olsson & Berggren. - Pearson et al. : p.148 pl. 6.16; fig. 1-15
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| Specimen: | ||||||
| Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., Inventory number: USNM 521871 Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., Inventory number: USNM 521872 |
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| References: | ||||||
Subbotina,N.N. (1953): Berggren,W.A. (1960): Blow,W.H. (1979): Murray,J.W.; Curry,D.; Haynes,J.R. and King,C. (1989): Huber,B.T. (1991): Berggren,W.A. (1992): Lu,G. and Keller,G. (1995): Warraich,M.Y..; Ogasawara,K.. and Nishi,H.. (2000): Warraich,M.Y.. and Ogasawara,K.. (2001): Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006): |
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| Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data | ||||||
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