Clavigerinella eocanica Nuttall 1928 (TaxonConcept

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Species Clavigerinella eocanica Nuttall 1928

Diagnosis / Definition:

Pearson et al. (2006):
DESCRIPTION. Type of wall: Usually smooth, normal perforate, sometimes weakly cancellate; possibly spinose. Test morphology: Planispiral or pseudoplanispiral, evolute, laterally compressed biumbilicate or showing a subtly raised spiral side and very shallow umbilicus; 4-4 1/2 rapidly enlarging chambers in the final whorl; early chambers rounded, final 2-3 adult chambers conspicuously elongated in to club-shaped (clavate) extensions; highly lobular peripheral outline; distal chamber ends smoothly rounded; equatorial high arched aperture, symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical, bordered by a smooth broad imperforate lip, relict apertural lips often present along sutures; sutures are shallow, straight, becoming curved in later stages, short relative to total chamber length. Size: Maximum diameter 0.30-80 mm.

Discussion / Comments:

Pearson et al. (2006):
DISTINGUSHING FEATURES.- Clavigerinella eocanica is distinguished from all other clavigerinellids in having unmodified, smoothly rounded clavate chambers. It can be distinguished from its Miocene homeomorph Clavatorella bermudezi by the greater lateral compression and shell symmetry (along the equatorial plane), and fully equatorial position of the aperture. It differs from Parasubbotina eoclava in having better-developed clavate chambers, near planispiral coiling, and a higher-arched, equatorially positioned aperture. It differs from E! prebetica by the lower, near-planispiral coiling, greater lateral compression and possession of a high-arched, equatorial aperture. DISCUSSION.- Toumarkine and Luterbacher (1985) designated the specimen figured by Nuttall (1928) pl. 50: fig. 9 as the lectotype from three original illustrated cotypes. On recent examination of Nuttall's Hastigerinella eocanica (= Clavigerinella eocanica) cotype suite in the USNM collection (11 in total), however, no specimen could be found that exactly matched this illustration, altdugh two are very similar (i.e., same number, orientation and length of chambers). Either the actual figured specimen is lost or the illustration is inaccurate. The SEM image illustrated as the probable lectotype of C. eocanica in this work (PI. 8.1, Figs. 10, 11) is the closest match among Nuttall's cotypes to the illustration of the lectotype figured by Toumarkine and Luterbacher (1985). PHYLOGENTIC RELATIONSHIPS.- This species evolved from Parasubbotina eoclava in Zone E7 by elongation of the chambers and lowering of the coil height to form a planispiral. It diversified shortly after its origin to produce a series of morphotypes including C. caucasica, which was the ancestor of Hantkenina. Detailed understanding of the relationship between C. eocanica and other clavigerinellids is lacking because of their sporadic geographic and stratigraphic occurrence. STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE.- Upper Zone E7 to E 16. This species is most characteristic of the lower middle Eocene, but has been observed ranging into the upper Eocene (Pearson and Chaisson, 1997). GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.- Clavigerinella eocanica is the most commonly encountered species of the genus and has been found in open ocean as well as marginal settings worldwide at mid-low latitudes. STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOBIOL0GY.- Clavigerinella eocanica has high òl8O and low ò13C indicating that it lived in a cold, deep possibly subthermocline habitat (Pearson and others, 1993; Coxall and others, 2000).

Systematics:

35
Ordo Foraminiferida
  Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
   Familia Hantkeninidae
    Genus Clavigerinella
     Genus Hantkenina
      Species Clavigerinella eocanica

Synonym list:

Pearson et al. (2006):

1928 Hastigerinella eocanica Nuttall. - Nuttall : p.376 pl. 50; fig. 9-11 [upper Eocene, Uzpanapa River, Mexico]

1957 Clavigerinella cf. akersi Bolli et al.. - Bolli : p.162 pl. 35; fig. 3a-b [Hantkenina aragonensis zone, Navet Fm., Trinidad]; [Not Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan, 1957]

1971 Clavigerinella jarvisi Cushman. - Postuma : p.132 pl. on p. 133 (4 specimens, right hand column) [middle Eocene Globorotalia bullbrooki Zone to Globigerapsis kugleri Zone, Navet Fm., Trinidad]; [Not Cushman, 1930]

1976 Hastigerinella eocanica Nuttall. - Saito et al. : p.292 pl. 3; fig. 3a-c [middle Eocene, DSDP Hole 2 1 A, South Atlantic Ocean]

1979 Clavigerinella eocanica eocanica Nuttall. - Blow : p. 1198-1203 pl. 151, fig. 1-3; pl. 157, fig. 9; pl. 162, fig. 1-3, 5-7 [Zone P9-P10, Kane 9-C Piston Core, Endeavour Seamount, equatorial Atlantic Ocean]

1979 Clavigerinella cf. eocanica sensu lato Nuttall. - Blow : p. 1202-1203 pl. 151, fig. 4; pl. 157, fig. 8 [Zone P9- P10, Kane 9-C Piston Core, Endeavour Seamount, equatorial Atlantic Ocean]

1980 Eoclavatorella benidormensis Cremades Campos. - Cremades Campos : p.209 pl. 257; fig. 1-3 [lower Eocene, Alicante Province, Spain]

1985 Clavigerinella eocanica eocanica Nuttall. - Toumarkine & Luterbacher : p.119 pl. 22; fig. 2-3 [middle Eocene Morozovella lehneri Zone, El Datil Fm., Margarita, Venezuela].

1993 Clavigerinella eocanica Nuttall. - Pearson et al. : p.128 pl. 3; fig. 14, 16 [Middle Eocene Zone P1 1- P12, DSDP Site 523, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean]

2003 Clavigerinella eocanica Nuttall. - Coxall et al. : p.238 pl. 1; fig. 9-14 [lower middle Eocene Zone P10, ODP Site 865, equatorial Pacific Ocean]

2006 Clavigerinella eocanica Nuttall. - Pearson et al. : p.219 pl. 8.1; fig. 10-19 (Pl. 8.1, Figs. 10- 11 : new SEMs of the probable lectotype of Hastigerinella eocanica Nuttall)

Specimen:

Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., Inventory number: USNM 517704
Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., Inventory number: USNM 517705

References:

Nuttall,W.L.F. (1928):
Notes on the Tertiary foraminifera of Southern Mexico . Journal of Paleontology Vol. 2 p. 372-376

Bolli,H.M. (1957):
Planktonic Foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad, B.W.I. . Bull. U.S. natl. Mus. Vol. 215 p. 155-172

Postuma,J.A. (1971):
Manual of Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 422 pp

Saito,T.; Thompson,P.R.. and Breger,D.. (1976):
Skeletal ultramicrostructure of some clongate-chambered planktonic foraminifera and related species.
In: Progress in Micropaleontology, sclected papers in honor of Professor Kiyoshi Asano Eds: Takayanagi, Y.Saito, T. p. 278-304

Blow,W.H. (1979):
The Cainozoic Globigerinida. 3 Vols p. 1413 pp

Cremades Campos,J.. (1980):
Eoclavatorella; nuevo genero de foraminifero planctonico del Eoceno inferior . Cuadernos de Geologia, Universidad de Granada Vol. 11 p. 209-214

Toumarkine,M. and Luterbacher,H.P. (1985):
Paleocene and Eocene Planktic Foraminifera.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy p. 87-154

Pearson,P.N.; Shackleton,N.J. and Hall,M.A. (1993):
The Stable Isotope Paleoecology of Middle Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera and Multi-species integrated Isotope Stratigraphy . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 23 p. 123-140

Coxall,H.K..; Huber,B.T. and Pearson,P.N. (2003):
Origin and morphology of the Eocene planktonic foraminifer Hantkenina . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 33 p. 237-261

Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006):
Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513

Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data

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