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Species Acarinina echinata Bolli 1957 | ||||||
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| Diagnosis / Definition: | ||||||
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Pearson et al. (2006): DESCRIPTION. Type of wall: Moderately to coarsely muricate, normal perforate, nonspinose. Test morphology: Test compact, biconvex, peripheral outline weakly to moderately lobate, axial periphery rounded, more rarely becoming slightly subangular; chambers globular, 1 1 - 13 in adult tests increasing rapidly in size until ultimate chamber, which is usually kummerform and often connected to a variably shaped bulla that often covers the umbilicus and part or most of the umbilical sutures, 3112-4 chambers in the final whorl; umbilical sutures radial, weakly to moderately depressed, spiral sutures radial, weakly depressed to indistinct; aperture variable in size, shape, position and number depending on the characteristics of the bullate final chamber, usually a single low-arched opening directed towards the umbilicus and surrounded by a narrow lip, more rarely two or three small, low arched openings directed along umbilical sutures. Size: Maximum diameter of holotype 0.30 mm, thickness 0.25 mm. |
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| Discussion / Comments: | ||||||
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Pearson et al. (2006): DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.- Characterized by its compact coiling, muricate surface texture, and presence of a kummerform or bullate final chamber and/ or sutural bullae. Differs from Acarinina medizzai by lacking a visible umbilicus and presence of kummerform or bullate final chamber. DISCUSSION.- Bolli (1 957b) originally placed echinata in Catapsydrax because of the presence of an umbilical bulla. However, the muricate wall texture of this species is distinctly different from the cancellate spinose wall texture of the type species of Catapsydrax (Globigerina dissimilis Cushman and Bermudez, 1937). Forms with sutural bullae (Pl. 9.10, Figs. 19-22) are included in this species because of their distinctly muricate test, and compact coiling. Further investigation may reveal that these forms should be differentiated from A. echinata S.S. Specimens identified by Blow (1979) as Globigerinita echinata echinata and Globigerinita echinata africana have cancellate wall textures and are therefore unrelated to Acarinina echinata. Huber (199 1, p. 439, pl. 5, fig. 17) recorded a mid-Oligocene bullate, globular, cancellate, spinose form similar to the "spinose variant" of (the lower Miocene) "Globoquadrina dehiscens " recorded by Berggren and others (1983; pl. 1, figs. 5- 10) from the lower Miocene of DSDP Site 5 16 on the Rio Grande Rise, South Atlantic Ocean. We view these forms as unrelated to Acarinina echinata. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS.- May have evolved from Acarinina pseudosubsphaerica n.sp. during the middle Eocene. This is may be the youngest ranging species of the acarininid lineage. STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE.- Zone E10 (Bolli, 1957b) to Zone E16 (Wade, 2004). At Blake Nose (ODP Sites 1052 and 1053) A. echinata ranges from middle Eocene Zone P13 (=Zone E12 of this paper) through (at least) upper Eocene Zone P15 (=E14) and Chron C16n.2n (Wade, 2004); in Trinidad, Bolli (1 957b) recorded it from the Globorotalia lehneri through Truncorotaloides rohri Zone; in New Zealand this species ranges from the Globigerina index through the Globigerina linaperta Zone. May range into the Oligocene (Huber, 199 1). GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.- This taxon has been recorded from the tropics/subtropics (e.g., Blake Nose; Trinidad) and southern middle and high latitudes (e.g., New Zealand; Kerguelen Plateau). It probably occurs at a number of other sites but may have been overlooked or recorded under a different species name. STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOBIOL0GY.- No data available. |
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| Systematics: | ||||||
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35 Ordo Foraminiferida Superfamilia Globigerinaceae Familia Truncorotaloididae Genus Acarinina Species Acarinina echinata |
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| Synonym list: | ||||||
| Pearson et al. (2006): 1957 Catapsydrax echinatus Bolli. - Bolli : p.165 pl. 37; fig. 2-5 [middle Eocene Porticulasphaera mexicana Zone, Navet
Fm., Trinidad]
1962 Catapsydrax echinatus Bolli. - Saito : p.223 pl. 33; fig. 7 [middle
Eocene, Hillsborough Island, Bonin Group,
Japan]
1971 Catapsydrax echinatus Bolli. - Jenkins : p.183 pl. 21; fig. 628-631 [middle-upper Eocene, Hampden Beach, South Island,
New Zealand]
non 1979 Globigerinita echinata africana Blow & Banner. - Blow : p. 1336-1337 pl. 240; fig. 8 [Zone P14, middle
Eocene, Lindi, Tanzania];
(? =Globigerinatheka sp.)
1991 Catapsydrax echinatus Bolli. - Huber : p.439 pl. 5; fig. 17-20 [lower Oligocene, ODP Site 744, Kerguelen Plateau]
non 1991 Catapsydrax echinatus Bolli. - Huber : p.439 pl. 5; fig. 17, 20 [mid-Oligocene Zone AP13, ODP Hole
744A, Kerguelen Plateau];
(?=Globoquadrina dehiscens)
2004 Acarinina echinata Bolli. - Wade : p.29 pl. 2; fig. e-m [Zones P14, P1.5, ODP Site 1052, Blake Nose]
2006 Acarinina echinata Bolli. - Pearson et al. : p.283 pl. 9.10; fig. 1-22 (Pl. 9.10, Figs. 1-3: new SEMs of holotype of
Catapsydrax echinatus Bolli)
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| Specimen: | ||||||
| Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., Inventory number: USNM P5729 |
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| References: | ||||||
Bolli,H.M. (1957): Saito,T. (1962): Jenkins,D.G. (1971): Blow,W.H. (1979): Huber,B.T. (1991): Wade,B.S.. (2004): Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006): |
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| Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data | ||||||
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