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Species Turborotalia frontosa Subbotina 1953


Diagnosis / Definition:
Pearson et al. (2006):
DESCRIPTION. Type of wall: Weakly cancellate with raised cylindrical pustules on the early chambers, becoming smoother on final chamber; tendency to defoliate. Test morphology: Trochospiral, globorotaliform in early chambers, globigeriniform in last whorl, which comprises 3-3 1/2 chambers; chambers inflated, radially compressed, increasing rapidly in size, with final chamber making up about half of test (unless kummerform, as holotype); dorsal sutures straight, moderately depressed; aperture a broad, high arch in intra-extraumbilical position, sometimes extending almost to periphery, fringed in most specimens by a pronounced imperforate lip of constant thickness; umbilicus very narrow; ventral sutures slightly curved, depressed; strong tendency for dextral coiling. Size: Holotype length 0.44 mm, breadth 0.31 mm.
Discussion / Comments:
Pearson et al. (2006):
DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.- Turborotalia frontosa is distinguished from all species of Subbotina by its pustulose wall texture, high arched aperture and slightly compressed final chamber, which foreshadows later species of Turborotalia. It also has a strong bias in coiling direction. It is distinguished from T. possagnoensis and other species of Turborotalia by the relatively globular chamber shape and globigeriniform morphology in the adult stage. DISCUSSION.- Subbotina (1953) illustrated a variable suite of specimens from the Kuban River section, demonstrating a broad species concept. The holotype (figured by SEM for the first time in P1. 15.5, Figs. 1-3) is a slightly kummerform specimen. Unaware of Subbotina's work, Bolli (1957c) erected the species boweri using a specimen (also figured by SEM for the first time in Plate 15.5, Figs. 5-7) that is very similar to one of Subbotina's paratypes (her pl. 12, fig. 4a-c). Many authors (e.g., Dieci, 1965; Toumarkine and Bolli, 1970, and Stainforth and others, 1975) have considered the two as synonymous, but some (e.g., Blow, 1979, p. 1264) have distinguished the two taxa on the basis of the supposedly tighter coiling of boweri and the fact that the latter supposedly has three rather than three and a half chambers in the final whorl. These appare differences can be explained, however, by the reduced size of the final chamber in Subbotina's holotype. The distinctive wall texture of this species, and its ontogenetic development, are discussed in detail by Hemleben and Olsson (Chapter 4, this volume). PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS.- Evolved from Globanomalina australiformis, according to Hemleben and Olsson (Chapter 4, this volume). STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE.- Lower to middle Eocene, from within Zone E7 to upper Zone E ll (Toumarkine and Bolli, 1970; Toumarkine and Luterbacher, 1985). GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.- Cosmopolitan. STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOBIOL0GY.- This species was a relatively deep-dwelling form according to Boersma and others (1987; recorded as T. boweri) and Pearson and others (1993, 2001).
Systematics:

35
 Ordo Foraminiferida
  Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
   Familia Hedbergellidae
    Genus Turborotalia
     Species Turborotalia frontosa
Synonym list:
Pearson et al. (2006):
p 1953 Globigerina frontosa Subbotina. - Subbotina : p.84 pl. 12; fig. 3a-c (holotype), fig. 4a-c, 6a-7c (paratypes) [upper Eocene Foraminiferal Layer, Green Series, Acarinina Zone (upper part), Kuban River, N. Caucasus]
1957 Globigerina boweri Bolli. - Bolli : p.163 pl. 36; fig. 1-2 [Hantkenina aragonensis Zone, Navet Fm., Trinidad]
1961 Globigerina ayalai Bermudez. - Bermudez : p. 1158-1159 pl. 1; fig. 4a-c [lower Eocene, Universidad Fm., Cuba]
1970 Globigerina frontosa Subbotina. - Samanta : p.150 pl. 1; fig. 13-14 [middle Eocene Orbulinoides beckmanni Zone, Lakhpat Cutch, India]
1970 Globorotalia cerroazulensis frontosa Subbotina. - Toumarkine & Bolli : p.139 pl. 1; fig. 1-3 [middle Eocene, Possagno, Italy]
1971 Globigerina (Globigerina) boweri Bolli. - Jenkins : p.138 pl. 15; fig. 428-430 [Eocene, New Zealand]
1975 Globigerina frontosa Subbotina. - Stainforth et al. : fig. 51.1-10 (reillustration from the literature)
1975 Globorotalia cerroazulensis frontosa Subbotina. - Toumarkine : p.744 pl. 2; fig. 1 [middle Eocene Globorotalia lehneri Zone, DSDP Site 305, northwest Pacific Ocean]
1977 Globorotalia cerroazulensis frontosa Subbotina. - Poore & Brabb : p. 259-260 pl. 2, fig. 1-2; pl. 7, fig. 11 [middle Eocene Zone P14, San Lorenzo Fm., Santa Cruz Mountains, California]
1978 Globorotalia cerroazulensis frontosa Subbotina. - Toumarkine : p.710 pl. 6; fig. 1-3 [middle Eocene, DSDP Site 363, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean]
1979 Subbotina frontosa frontosa Subbotina. - Blow : p. 1263-1265 pl. 158, fig. 6-7 [middle Eocene Zone P10, Kane 9-C core, Endeavour Seamount, eastern Atlantic Ocean]; pl. 160, fig. 3 [middle Eocene Zone P10, Kane 9-C, 15cm, Endeavour Seamount, eastern Atlantic Ocean]; pl. 162, fig. 10-11; pl. 163, fig. 1-3 [middle Eocene Zone P10, Kane 9-C, 42 cm, Endeavour Seamount, eastern Atlantic Ocean]; pl. 175, fig. 4-6 [middle Eocene Zone P11, Sample RS. 24, Kilwa, Tanzania]; pl. 238, fig. 1-4 [Detail of microstructure, same specimen as pl 58; fig. 7]
1979 Subbotina frontosa boweri Bolli. - Blow : p. 1266-1268 pl. 175, fig. 7-9 [middle Eocene Zone P11, Sample RS. 24, Kilwa, Tanzania]; pl. 179, fig. 9; pl. 184, fig. 8-9 [middle Eocene Zone PI 1, DSDP Site 21A, South Atlantic Ocean]
1979 Subbotina frontosa ayalai Bermudez. - Blow : p. 1265-1266 pl. 158; fig. 5 [middle Eocene Zone P10, Kane 9-C core, Endeavour Seamount, eastern Atlantic Ocean]
non 1983 Globigerina frontosa Subbotina. - Krasheninnikov & Basov : p.838 pl. 2; fig. 4-7 [middle Eocene, DSDP Site 5 12, Falkland Plateau, South Atlantic]; [= Subbotina linaperta (Finlay)]
1985 Globigerina frontosa Subbotina. - Snyder & Waters : p.459 pl. 1; fig. 11-13 [middle Eocene Zone P 11, DSDP Hole 548A, Goban Spur, North Atlantic Ocean]
1985 Turborotalia cerroazulensis frontosa Subbotina. - Toumarkine & Luterbacher : p. 135-136 fig. 34.11 (reillustration of holotype); 35.16, 18[middle Eocene, Bou Arada, Tunisia]; 35.17 [early middle Eocene, Aragon Fm., Tampico Embayment, Mexico]
1988 Turborotalia frontosa Subbotina. - Poore & Bybell : p.21 pl. 2; fig. 1-3 [middle Eocene, Core ACGS#4, New Jersey]
1993 Subbotina frontosa Subbotina. - Pearson et al. : pl. 2; fig. 19-21 [middle Eocene, DSDP Site 523, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean]
1995 Turborotalia frontosa Subbotina. - Poag & Commeau : pl. 4, fig. 13; pl. 5, fig. 3 [Eocene, Salisbury Embayment, Virginia]
2006 Turborotalia frontosa Subbotina. - Pearson et al. : p.447 pl. 15.5; fig. 1-15 (Pl. 15.5, Figs. 1-3: new SEMs of holotype of Globigerina frontosa Subbotina) (Pl. 15.5, Figs. 5-7: new SEMs of holotype of Globigerina boweri Bolli)
Specimen:
VNIGRI collections, St. Petersburg, Inventory number: 4050
VNIGRI collections, St. Petersburg, Inventory number: 4051
VNIGRI collections, St. Petersburg, Inventory number: 4052
References:

Subbotina,N.N. (1953):
Iskopaemye foraminifery SSSR (Globigerinidy, Khantkenininidy i Globorotaliidy) . Trudy Vsesoyznogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Geologo-razvedochnogo Instituta (VNIGRI) Vol. 76 p. 296

Bolli,H.M. (1957):
Planktonic Foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad, B.W.I. . Bull. U.S. natl. Mus. Vol. 215 p. 155-172

Bermudez,P.J. (1961):
Contribucion al estudio de las Globigerinidea de la region Caribe-Antillana (Paleocene-Reciente).
In: Boletino Geologia (Venezuela), Special Publicacion Vol. 3

Samanta,B.K. (1970):
Middle Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera from Lakhpat, Cutch, Western India . Micropaleontology Vol. 16

Toumarkine,M. and Bolli,H.M. (1970):
Evolution de Globorotalia cerroazulensis (Cole) dans l'Eocene moyen et superieur de Possagno (Italie) . Revue de Micropaleontologie Vol. 13 p. 131-145

Jenkins,D.G. (1971):
New Zealand Cenozoic Planktonic Foraminifera . New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin Vol. 42

Toumarkine,M. (1975):
Middle and Late Eocene planktonic foraminifera from the northwestern Pacific, Leg 32 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project.
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 32 Eds: Larson, R.L.Moberly, R. p. 735-751

Stainforth,R.M.; Lamb,J.L.; Luterbacher,H.P.; Beard,J.H. and Jeffords,R.M. (1975):
Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal zonation and characteristics of index forms . Paleontological ContributionsArticle 62 p. 425

Poore,R.Z. and Brabb,E.E.. (1977):
Eocene and Oligocene planktonic foraminifera from the Upper Butano Sandstone and type San Lorenzo Formation, Santa Cruz Mountains, California . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 7 p. 249-272

Toumarkine,M. (1978):
Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Paleogene of Sites 360 to 364 and the Neogene of Sites 362A, 363, and 364 Leg 40.
In: Initial Results of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 40

Blow,W.H. (1979):
The Cainozoic Globigerinida. 3 Vols p. 1413 pp

Krasheninnikov,V.A. and Basov,I.A. (1983):
Cenozoic planktonic foraminifers of the Falkland Plateau and Argentine Basin, Deep Sea Drilling Projejt Leg 71.
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 71 Eds: Ludwig, W.J.Krasheninninov, V.A. p. 821-845

Toumarkine,M. and Luterbacher,H.P. (1985):
Paleocene and Eocene Planktic Foraminifera.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy p. 87-154

Snyder,S.W. and Waters,V.J. (1985):
Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Goban Spur region.
In: Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 80

Poore,R.Z. and Bybell,L.. (1988):
Eocene to Miocene biostratigraphy of New Jersey Core ACGS # 4: Implications for regional stratigraphy . U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1829 p. 1-22

Pearson,P.N.; Shackleton,N.J. and Hall,M.A. (1993):
The Stable Isotope Paleoecology of Middle Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera and Multi-species integrated Isotope Stratigraphy . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 23 p. 123-140

Poag,C.W.. and Commeau,J.A.. (1995):
Paleocene to middle Miocene planktic foraminifera of the southwestern Salisbury Embayment, Virginia and Maryland: biostratigraphy, allostratigraphy, and sequence stratigraphy . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 25 p. 134-155

Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006):
Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513
Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data
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