Indoscaphites cunliffei Forbes 1846 (TaxonConcept

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Species Indoscaphites cunliffei Forbes 1846

Diagnosis / Definition:

Kennedy & Henderson (1992):
DESCRIPTION.- The lectotype is a complete adult, the paralectotypes are juveniles. All retain traces of original shell material. The early growth stages are moderately involute, with a rounded whorl section and faint constrictions, plus an ornament of low, irregular ribs and growth striae only. By a diameter of 6.5 mm, the distinctive ornament of the species has appeared. This consists of weak, distant umbilical bullae (six or seven per half whorl at a diameter of 10.5 mm in BMNH C51089) connected by a low, rounded, straight to feebly concave prorsiradiate ribs to stronger conical ventrolateral horns, the ribs broading as they cross the flanks. The ventrolateral horns are linked across the venter by a low, broad convex rib or ribs, while there are low, variable and irregular intercalated ribs, growth lines and grooves between tuberculate groups; some ribs show a trace of an outer ventrolateral node. By this ontogenetic stage the whorl section has become progressively more compressed, the sides flattened, with greatest breadth at the umbilical tubercle, the venter very broad and rounded. The somewhat larger paralectotype, BMNH C 51089 (Pl. 5, fig. 7-9) shows a comparable ornament at a maximum preserved diameter of 15 mm, although there are low intercalated ribs extending to mid-flank, and distinct looping of ventral ribs and striae between the ventrolateral tubercles. The lectotype (Pl. 6, figs. 4-6) is septate to a diameter of approximately 21 mm, with two-thirds of a whorl of body chamber. The ornament of the phragmocone is as described above. The body chamber shows markedly eccentric, scaphitoid coiling, although the whorls remain in contact. The umbilical seam becomes distinctly undercut, with a sharp umbilical shoulder. The umbilical bullae become sharper and more pronounced and are progressively deflected forwards as size increases. The broad, simple ribs of the phragmocone give way to groups of much finer, sharper, irregularly developed strongly flexed prorsiradiate ribs and striae which occasionally bifurcate around mid-flank where intercalatories are inserted. They link in groups to the ventral tubercles, which are irregularly developed and disappear before the adult aperture is reached. The ribs are convex across the venter and variably developed, both linking tubercles and intercalating. On the last sixth of a whorl before the aperture, beyond the last ventral tubercle, the ventral and ventrolateral ribbing strengthens markedly, with many ribs branching. The aperture itself is simple and entire. The suture line (Text-fig. 2A) is relatively simple, with asymmetrically bifid E/L and L/U:L is deep and asymmetrically trifid.

Discussion / Comments:

Kennedy & Henderson (1992):
TYPES.- Lectotype, here designated, is BMNH C51090, the original of Forbes (1846, pl. 8, fig. 2a-b, d), GSC R10477. Paralectotypes are BMNH C51089, the original of Forbes (1846, pl. 8, fig. 2c), GSC R10478, and BMNH C51091, all from the Valudavur Formation of Pondicherry, south India (ex Kaye and Cunliffe Collection). DIMENSIONS.- D Wb Wh Wb:Wh U BMNH C51090 35.0(100) 12.2(34.9) 12.9(36.9) 0.95 10.0(28.6) at c 23.8(100) 9.0(37.8) 11.4(47.9) 0.79 5.8(24.4) BMNH C51091 10.2(100) 6.1(59.8) 4.3(42.1) 1.4 3.3(32.4) DISCUSSION.- The coarseness of flank ribs and development of strong ventrolateral horns immediately distinguishes this species from I. pavana (Forbes, 1846), discussed further below. Spath (1953, p. 14) thought there were morphological transistions between Indoscaphites and Hoploscaphites of the quadrangularis group, but these are much larger US Western Interior scaphitid stock, referred to Jeletzkytes Riccardi, 1983, and bear no assemblages to the present form. OCCURRENCE.- Maastrichtian, south India and Tunisia.

Systematics:

41
Subordo Ancyloceratina
  Superfamilia Scaphitaceae
   Familia Scaphitidae
    Subfamilia Scaphitinae
     Genus Indoscaphites
      Species Indoscaphites cunliffei

Synonym list:

Kennedy & Henderson (1992):

1846 Ammonites Cunliffei Forbes. - Forbes : p.109 pl. 8; fig. 2

1850 Ammonites Cunliffei Forbes. - d'Orbigny : p.213

1865 Ammonites Cunliffei Forbes. - Stoliczka : p.97 pl. 50; fig. 3

1898 Scaphites sp. Cunliffei Forbes. - Kossmat : 31(138)

1903 Ammonites cf. Scaphites pavana Pervinquiere. - PERVINQUIERE : p.126

p 1907 Scaphites Cunliffei Forbes. - PERVINQUIERE : p.124 pl. 4, fig. 36-40; fig. A-C on the explanation of pl. 4; text-fig. 42-44 [non pl. 4, fig. 41-42 (= I. pavana); non text-fig. 45 (= I. pavana)]

1911 Acanthoscaphites Cunliffei Forbes. - Nowak : p.565

1916 Hoploscaphites Cunliffei Nowak. - Nowak : p.66

non 1921 Scaphites sp. Cunliffei Forbes. - Hoepen : p.28 pl. 5; fig. 5-7

1925 Acanthoscaphites Cunliffei Forbes. - Diener : p.205

1953 Indoscaphites cunliffei Forbes. - Spath : p.14

1977 Indoscaphites cunliffei Forbes. - Kennedy : text-fig. 31.7-8

1977 Indoscaphites cunliffei Forbes. - Phillips : p.99

1989 Indoscaphites Spath. - Kennedy : text-fig. 17e

1992 Indoscaphites cunliffei Forbes. - Kennedy & Henderson : p. 715, 719, 703 pl. 5, fig. 2, 6-9; pl. 6, fig. 4-6; text-fig. 2A

Stratigraphy - relative ages:

Maastrichtian: Kennedy & Henderson (1992)

References:

Forbes,E.. (1846):
Report on the Cretaceous fossil invertebrates from southern India, collected by Mr. Kaye and Mr. Cunliffe . Transactions of the Geological Society of London Vol. 2(7) p. 97–174

d'Orbigny,A. (1850):
Prodrome de Paléontologie. Stratigraphique universelle des animaux mollusques & rayonnés faisant suitre au cours élémentaire de paléontologie et de géologie stratigraphique. , Cours Élémentaire de Paléontologie et de Géologie Stratigraphiques Vol. 2

Stoliczka,F.. (1865):
The fossil Cephalopoda of the Cretaceous rocks of southern India. Ammonitidae with revision of the Nautilidae etc. . Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, (1), Palaeontologica Indica6-9 p. 107-154

Kossmat,F.. (1898):
Untersuchungen über die Südindische Kreideformation. Dritter Theil. . Beiträge zur Paläontologie Österreich-Ungarns und des Orient Vol. 11 p. 89-152

PERVINQUIERE,L.. (1903):
Etude geologique de la Tunisie centrale.
In: Carte Geologique de la Tunise p. viii+359pp.

PERVINQUIERE,L.. (1907):
Etudes de paleontologie tunisienne I: Cephalopodes des terrains secondaires.
In: Carte Geologique de Tunisie p. 438 pp

Nowak,K.. (1911):
Untersuchungen über die cephalopoden der oberen Kreide in Polen. II. Teil. Die skaphiten. . Bull. int. Acad. Sci. Lett. Cracovie, Cl. Sci. math. nat. p. 547-589

Nowak,J.. (1916):
Der Bedeutung von Scaphites für die Gliederung der Oberkreide . Verhandlungen der Geologischen Reichsanstalt (Staatsanstalt-Landesanstalt), Wien, for 1916 p. 55-67

Hoepen,v.E.C.N.. (1921):
Cretaceous Cephalopoda from Pondoland . Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 8, 1–48. Vol. 8 p. 1-48

Diener,C.. (1925):
Ammonoidea neocretacea . Fossilium Cat, (1: Animalia) Vol. 29 p. 244 pp.

Spath,L.F.. (1953):
The upper Cretaceous cephalopod fauna of Graham Land . Scientific Reports of the Falkland Islands Survey Department Vol. 3 p. 60

Phillips,D.. (1977):
Catalogue of the type andjigured specimens of Mesozoic Ammonoidea in the British Museum (Natural History). , Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) p. 220 pp.

Kennedy,W.J.. (1977):
Ammonite evolution.
In: Patterns of Evolution Eds: Hallam, A.. p. 251-330

Kennedy,W.J.. (1989):
Thoughts on the evolution and extinction of Cretaceous ammonites . Procedings of the Geologists Association Vol. 100 p. 251-279

Kennedy,W.J.. and Henderson,R.A.. (1992):
Heteromorph ammonites from the Upper Maastrichtian of Pondicherry, south India . Palaeontology Vol. 35 p. 693-731

Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data

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