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| Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data | ||||||
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Genus Catapsydrax Bolli et al. 1957 | ||||||
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| Diagnosis / Definition: | ||||||
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Pearson et al. (2006): DESCRIPTION. Type of wall: Coarsely cancellate, probably spinose in life, with tendency to develop a thick crust in some species. Test morphology: Globular, lobulate, typically with 4 chambers in the final whorl. Chambers moderately inflated, appressed, with an umbilical bulla with one or more infralaminal apertures in the adult stage. The apertures are bordered by a continuous, narrow lip that may be thickened by gametogenetic calcification. DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.- Distinguished from Globorotaloides by the more compact, radially compressed morphology, with appressed inflated chambers in the final whorl, and the coarse cancellate ruber/sacculi$er-type wall texture (as opposed to the sacculifer type wall in Globorotaloides). Most Globorotaloides lack the obligate bulla with a uniform continuous lip or rim bordering the infralaminal aperture(s) which is characteristic of Catapsydrax. Distinguished from Subbotina and Globoturborotalita by the obligate bulla with infralaminal aperture(s). |
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| Discussion / Comments: | ||||||
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Pearson et al. (2006): DISCUSSION.- Catapsydrax was erected by Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan (1957, p. 36) to encompass several species that are characterized in the adult stage by an umbilical bulla with at least one accessory infralaminal aperture. Most of the included species were Miocene forms, but the holotype ofthe type species, C. dissimilis (Cushman and Bermudez), is from the upper Eocene of Cuba. As described by Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan, this specimen, which is figured here in SEM for the first time (Plate 5.3, Figs. 18-20), has more than one infralaminal aperture around the bulla. Catapsydrax dissimilis is common in the Oligocene and ranges into the lower Miocene, where its highest occurrence datum is an important biostratigraphic marker horizon (Kennett and Srinivasan, 1983; Bolli and Saunders, 1985; Berggren and others, 1995). The earliest species of Catapsydrax, C. unicavus, has a low, slightly inflated bulla covering the umbilicus with a single low arched infralaminal aperture. Subsequent species of Catapsydrax, C. dissimilis and C. stainforthi, developed two or more infralaminal apertural openings beneath a slightly inflated bulla. The infralaminal apertures, which are generally centered over the suture lines, are bordered by a continuous narrow thickened lip or rim in adult forms. Blow and Banner (1962) described a group of three species (which they placed in Globigerinita), from the upper Eocene (Zone E14) of Tanzania, namely G. africanus, G. globiformis, and G. howei. These taxa cannot be placed in Globigerinita because that genus is a microperforate taxon whereas Blow and Banner's species have a cancellate wall texture. The species are all characterized by having a bulla with multiple infralaminar apertures and are here placed in Catapsydrax. In our taxonomy, the first species of Catapsydrax is C. unicavus, which first appears in the lower Eocene. We take a broad concept of this taxon, including several species in synonymy with it, but at the same time we recognize that further work may reveal more taxonomic complexity that would justify splitting the species. Several stable isotope studies (discussed below) have indicated that Catapsydrax unicavus and C. dissimilis are deep-dwelling species, consistently registering the most positive (coldest) 6I8O values of the assemblages in which they are found. The upper Eocene species described by Blow and Banner (1 962) exhibit a range of morphologies that may indicate an evolutionary radiation into different parts of the water column, but this has yet to be tested. |
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| Systematics: | ||||||
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1 Superregnum Eukaryota Regnum Protoctista Phylum Ciliophora Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora Ordo Globigerinida Superfamilia Globorotaliaceae Superfamilia Nonionacea Familia Catapsydracidae Genus Catapsydrax 3 Classis Foraminifera Genus Beella Genus Catapsydrax 22 Genus Catapsydrax 24 Genus Catapsydrax Genus Globigerina Species Globigerinoides higginsi 32 Ordo Foraminiferida Familia Globigerinidae Genus Catapsydrax 35 Ordo Foraminiferida Superfamilia Globigerinaceae Familia Globigerinidae Genus Catapsydrax 53 Ordo Foraminiferida Subordo Globigerinina Superfamilia Globorotaliacea Familia Catapsydracidae Genus Catapsydrax |
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| Synonym list: | ||||||
| Spezzaferri & Silva (1990): 1962 Catapsydrax martini Blow & Banner. - Blow & Banner : pl. XIV; fig. O
1962 Globigerinita martini Blow & Banner. - Blow & Banner :
1990 Catapsydrax martini Blow & Banner. - Spezzaferri & Silva : p.238 pl. I; fig. 5a-c
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| References: | ||||||
Blow,W.H. and Banner,F.T. (1962): Spezzaferri,S. and Silva,I.S.. (1990): Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006): |
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| Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data | ||||||
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