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Species Turborotalia cerroazulensis Cole 1928


Diagnosis / Definition:
Pearson et al. (2006):
DESCRIPTION. Type of wall: Smooth, normal perforate with pustulose earlier chambers and pustules around umbilicus; some tendency for pore reduction at periphery; smooth calcification over proloculus; tendency to defoliate; questionable sparse spine holes. Test morphology: Moderate trochospiral, rounded-conical shape with 4-5 chambers in the final whorl; chambers appressed and embracing, strongly radially compressed and increasing moderately in size; final chamber commonly dorso-ventrally flattened; in edge view, showing obtuse or right angle at periphery and arching over towards umbilicus; dorsal sutures curved, flat or slightly depressed; aperture a broad arch, sometimes slit-like and in other specimens almost circular, generally not extending towards the periphery; an imperforate or pustulose lip is sometimes visible; more commonly it is obscured by inward folding of the final chamber; umbilicus very narrow; ventral sutures slightly curved, depressed; usually a strong tendency for sinistral coiling. Size: Holotype length 0.35 mm, breadth 0.26 mm.
Discussion / Comments:
Pearson & Chaisson (1997):
Turborotalia cerroazulensis has an acute periphery through most of the final whorl, which distinguishes it from Turborotalia pomeroli. However, the periphery is less acute than in Turborotalia cocoaensis. The lost holotype of Globorotalia centralis Cushman and Bermudez appears to be of similar morphology.
Pearson et al. (2006):
DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.- Turborotalia cerroazulensis is distinguished from T. pomeroli, with which it intergrades, by the flatter spiral side, generally lower trochospiral, more compressed chambers and Inore conical shape in edge view. DISCUSSION. Substantial differences of opinion have arisen between authors on where to place the boundaries between the various morphospecies in the pomeroli-cerroazulensis-,cocoaensis morphocline. Ultimately this must be a subjective decision, based on the morphologies of the respective holotypes, all of which are illustrated by SEM in this work (for the first time, in the case of the latter two; Pl. 15.3, Figs. 1-3; Pl. 1 5.4, Figs. 1-3). Turborotalia cerroazulensis has an obtuse periphery in edge view, and in our opinion is sufficiently close to both the holotype and neotype of Globorotalia centralis Cushman and Bermudez (the name-bearing type of Turborotalia) be considered conspecific. It is clearly distinct from cocoaensis, however, which has an acute periphery. In this we agree in most respects with Toumarkine and Bolli (1970), rather than Blow and Banner (1962) and Blow (1969, 1979), who regarded cerroazulensis and cocoaensis as synonyms and used the name centralis for morphologies that are mostly assigned to pomeroli in this work. See also discussion under Turborotalia increbescens. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS.- Evolved from Turborotalia pomeroli in the middle Eocene (Blow and Banner, 1962; Toumarkine and Bolli, 1970). STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE.- Middle Eocene, lower Zone Ell (Toumarkine and Bolli, 1970) to just below the Eocene/Oligocene boundary (within Zone E16) (Coccioni and others, 1988). GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.- Cosmopolitan. STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOBIOLOGY. - Turborotalia cerroazulensis tends to have ò18O and ò13C values [hat are intermediate between mixed-layer and the thermocline dwellers, indicating a shallow subsurface habitat (Poore and Matthews, 1984; Boersma and others, 1987; Pearson and others, 2001). REPOSITORY.- Holotype deposited at the Paleontological Research Institute, Ithaca, New York.
Systematics:

1
 Superregnum Eukaryota
  Regnum Protoctista
   Phylum Ciliophora
    Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora
     Ordo Globigerinida
      Superfamilia Globorotaliaceae
       Superfamilia Nonionacea
        Familia Globorotaliidae
         Genus Turborotalia
          Species Turborotalia cerroazulensis

15
  Classis Foraminifera
   Genus Hantkenina
    Species Turborotalia cerroazulensis

32
 Ordo Foraminiferida
  Familia Globorotaliidae
   Genus Turborotalia
    Species Turborotalia cerroazulensis

35
  Ordo Foraminiferida
   Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
    Familia Hedbergellidae
     Genus Turborotalia
      Species Turborotalia cerroazulensis
Synonym list:
Pearson & Chaisson (1997):
1928 Globigerina cerroazulensis Cole. - Cole : pl 32 figs 11-13
1997 Turborotalia cerroazulensis Cole. - Pearson & Chaisson :
Van Eijden & Smit (1991):
1928 Globigerina cerro-azulensis Cole. - Cole : p.17 pl. 1, figs. 11-13
1991 Turborotalia cerroazulensis Cole. - Van Eijden & Smit : p.114
Pearson et al. (2006):
1928 Globigerina cerro-azulensis Cole. - Cole : p.217 pl. 32; fig. 11-13 [upper Eocene, Chapapote Fm., Mexico]
1937 Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p.26 pl. 2; fig. 62-65 [Eocene, Santa Clara Province, Cuba]
1946 Globorotalia cocoaensis Cushman. - Cushman : p.38 pl. 7; fig. 14-16 [upper Eocene, Cocoa Sand member, Jackson Fm., Clarke County, Alabama]; [Not Cushman, 1928]
1949 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p. 44-45 pl. 8; fig. 19-21 [lower upper Eocene, Jabaco Fm, Havana Province, Cuba]
1953 Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Hamilton : p.229 pl. 32; fig. 8 [Eocene, Mid-Pacfic Ocean]
p 1953 Acarinina centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Subbotina : p. 237-239 pl. 25; fig. 24a-25c [upper Eocene, Northern Caucasus and Mangyshlak Peninsula, USSR]
1954 Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Colom : p. 186-187 pl. 11; fig. 18-23 [upper Eocene, Alicante, Spain]
1956 Turborotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Hagn : p.369 pl. 15; fig. 8a-b [upper Eocene, Northern Italy]
1957 Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Bolli et al. : p. 41-42 pl. 10; fig. 4a-c [Eocene, Santa Clara Province, Cuba; reillustration of holotype, in three views]
1957 Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Bolli : p.169 pl. 39; fig. 1-4 [Eocene Navet and San Fernando Fms, Trinidad]
1957 Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Todd : pl. 71; fig. 1a-c [upper Eocene Hagman and Densinyama Fms, Saipan, Mariana Islands]
1960 Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Sourdillon : pl. 2; fig. 29-31 [upper Eocene, Landes, France]
1961 Turborotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Bermudez : p. 1317-1319 pl. 17; fig. 5-7 [upper Eocene Jacabo Fm., Cuba]
1962 Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Asano : p.57 pl. 19; fig. 3a-c [Eocene, Kyoragi Fm., Amakusa Islands, Kyushu, Japan]
1962 Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Saito : p. 213-214 pl. 33; fig. 1a-3 [middle Eocene, Haha-Jima, Bonin Islands, Western Pacific Ocean]
1962 Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Aubert : p.59 pl. 3; fig. 2a-c [Upper Lutetian-Bartonian, Morocco]
1962 Turborotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Hofker : p.106 fig. 38a-41c [upper Eocene, Rohrdorf, Bavaria, Germany]
1963 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Eckert : p. 1062-1063 pl. 6; fig. 1a-3c [upper Eocene Globigerapsis semiinvoluta Zone, Mount Pilatus, central Switzerland]
1963 Turborotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Gohrbrandt : p. 109-110 pl. 7; fig. 10a-c [upper Eocene, Reingruber series, lower Austria]
1970 Globorotalia cerroazulensis cerroazulensis Cole. - Toumarkine & Bolli : p.144 pl. 1; fig. 19-24 [upper Eocene, Possagno area, Italy]
p 1970 Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Samanta : p.203 pl. 1; fig. 19 [middle Eocene Orbulinoides beckmanni Zone, Lakhpat Cutch, India]
1975 Globorotalia cerroazulensis cerroazulensis Cole. - Toumarkine : p.744 pl. 2; fig. 6 [upper Eocene Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta Zone, DSDP Site 305, northwest Pacific Ocean]
1977 Globorotalia cerroazulensis cerroazulensis Cole. - Poore & Brabb : p.260 pl. 2; fig. 3-4 [middle Eocene Zone P14, San Lorenzo Fm., Santa Cruz Mountains, California]
1978 Globorotalia cerroazulensis cerroazulensis Cole. - Toumarkine : p.710 pl. 6; fig. 10-12 [middle Eocene Truncorotaloides rohri Zone, DSDP Site 363, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean]
p 1979 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) cerroazulensis Cole. - Blow : p. 1054-1058 pl. 242; fig. 1-7 [upper Eocene Zone P1 5, Sample FCRM. 1644, Lindi, Tanzania]
1983 Globorotalia cerroazulensis Cole. - Pujol : p.651 pl. 10; fig. 1 [upper Eocene Zone P15-P16, DSDP Hole 516F, Rio Grande Rise, southwest Atlantic Ocean]
1985 Globorotalia cerroazulensis cerroazulensis Cole. - Snyder & Waters : p.460 pl. 3; fig. 6-8 [upper Eocene Zones P 16-P 17, DSDP Hole 549A, Goban Spur, North Atlantic Ocean]
1985 Turborotalia cerroazulensis cerroazulensis Cole. - Toumarkine & Luterbacher : p.137 fig. 34.3-4; 36.16-18 (reillustrations from the literature)
1988 Turborotalia cerroazulensis Cole. - Poore & Bybell : p.21 pl. 2; fig. 10-12 [upper Eocene, Core ACGS#4, New Jersey]
1988 Turborotalia cocoaensis Cushman. - Poore & Bybell : p.20 pl. 1; fig. 10-12 [upper Eocene, Core ACGS#4, New Jersey]; [Not Cushman, 1 928]
p 1994 Turborotalia cerroazulensis cerroazulensis Cole. - Nishi & Chaproniere : p.260 pl. 3; fig. 19-21 [upper Eocene Zone P15-P 16, ODP Hole 84 1 B, Tonga Trench, South Pacific Ocean]
1995 Turborotalia cerroazulensis Cole. - Poag & Commeau : pl. 7; fig. 1-2 [Eocene, Salisbury Embayment, Virginia]
2006 Turborotalia cerroazulensis Cole. - Pearson et al. : p.443 pl. 15.3; fig. 1-20 (Pl. 15.3, Figs. 1-3: new SEMs of holotype of Globigerina cerro-azulensis Cole)
Stratigraphy - absolute ages:
LAD: 33.8 ± 0 [Ma], Berggren et al. (1995)
References:

Cole,W.S. (1928):
A foraminiferal fauna from the Chapapote Formation in Mexico . Bulletins of American paleontology Vol. 14 p. 3-32

Cushman,J.A. and Bermudez,P.J. (1937):
Further new species of foraminifers from the Eocene of Cuba . Cushman Lab. Foraminiferal Res. Contrib Vol. 13

Cushman,J.A. (1946):
A rich foraminiferal fauna from the Cocoa sand of Alabama . Cushman Lab. Foram. Res. Spec. Publ. Vol. 16 p. 1-40

Cushman,J.A. and Bermudez,P.J. (1949):
Some Cuban species of Globorotalia . Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Vol. 25 p. 26-44

Hamilton,E.L. (1953):
Upper Cretaceous, Tertiary and Recent planktonic foraminifera from MId-Pacific flat-topped seamounts . Journal of Paleontology Vol. 27(2) p. 204-237

Subbotina,N.N. (1953):
Iskopaemye foraminifery SSSR (Globigerinidy, Khantkenininidy i Globorotaliidy) . Trudy Vsesoyznogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Geologo-razvedochnogo Instituta (VNIGRI) Vol. 76 p. 296

Colom,G. (1954):
estudios de las biozonas con foraminiferos del Terciario del Alicante . Bol. Esp. Inst. Geol. y Minero Vol. 66 p. 1-279

Hagn,H. (1956):
Geologische und palaontologische Untersuchungen im Tertiar des Monte Brione und seiner Umgebung (Gardasee, Ober-Italien) . Palaeontographica Abhandlungen A Vol. 107 p. 67-210

Bolli,H.M.; Loeblich,A.R. and Tappan,H. (1957):
The Planktonic foraminiferal families Hantkeninidae, Orbulinidae, Globorotaliidae, and Globotruncanidae . U.S. National Museum Bull. Vol. 215 p. 3-50

Todd,R. (1957):
Smaller foraminifers.
In: Geology of Saipan, Mariana Islands (Pt. 3) Paleontology, US. Geological Survey Professional Papers280-H p. 265-320

Bolli,H.M. (1957):
Planktonic Foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad, B.W.I. . Bull. U.S. natl. Mus. Vol. 215 p. 155-172

Sourdillon,O.. (1960):
Etude micropaleontologique du Tertiaire du Forage de Frouas (Landes) . Revue de Micropaleontologie Vol. 3 p. 81-94

Bermudez,P.J. (1961):
Contribucion al estudio de las Globigerinidea de la region Caribe-Antillana (Paleocene-Reciente).
In: Boletino Geologia (Venezuela), Special Publicacion Vol. 3

Asano,K.. (1962):
Tertiary globigerinids from Kyushu, Japan . Tohuku University Science Reports, Sendai, Japan, Ser. 2 (Geol.)spec. vol(no. 5) p. 55

Aubert,J.. (1962):
Les Globorotalia de la region prerifaine (Maroc septentrional) . Notes et Memoires du Service Geologique Maroc Vol. 22 p. 1-156

Saito,T. (1962):
Eocene planktonic foraminifera from Hahajima (Hillsborough Island) . Trans. Proc. Paleontol. Soc. Japan, news series Vol. 45 p. 209-225

Hofker,J. (1962):
Änderung des Generationswechsels der Foraminiferen-Arten während des Periods ihres Dasiens . Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palaontologie, Monatshefte Vol. 8 p. 316-329

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Zur Gliederung des Paleogen im Helvetikum nördlich von Salzburg nach planktonischen Foraminiferen . Geologische Gesellschaft Wien, Mitteilungen Vol. 56

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Die obereeozaen Globigerinen-Schiefer (Stadund Schimbergerschiefer) zwischen Pilatus und Schrattenfluh . Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae Vol. 56 p. 1001-1072

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Middle Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera from Lakhpat, Cutch, Western India . Micropaleontology Vol. 16

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Evolution de Globorotalia cerroazulensis (Cole) dans l'Eocene moyen et superieur de Possagno (Italie) . Revue de Micropaleontologie Vol. 13 p. 131-145

Toumarkine,M. (1975):
Middle and Late Eocene planktonic foraminifera from the northwestern Pacific, Leg 32 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project.
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 32 Eds: Larson, R.L.Moberly, R. p. 735-751

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Eocene and Oligocene planktonic foraminifera from the Upper Butano Sandstone and type San Lorenzo Formation, Santa Cruz Mountains, California . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 7 p. 249-272

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In: Initial Results of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 40

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The Cainozoic Globigerinida. 3 Vols p. 1413 pp

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Cenozoic Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Southwestern Atlantic (Rio Grande Rise): Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 72.
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 72 Eds: Barker, P.F.Johnson, D.A. p. 623-673

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Paleocene and Eocene Planktic Foraminifera.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy p. 87-154

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Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data
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