Acarinina wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton 1932 from: Pearson, P.N.Olsson, R.K.Hemleben, C.Huber, B.T.Berggren, W.A. (2006): Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513 | . |
Notice: This catalogue page may contain unedited data.
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Species Acarinina wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton 1932 |
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| Diagnosis / Definition: |
Pearson et al. (2006):
DESCRIPTION.
Type of wall: Densely muricate (both sides),
normal perforate, nonspinose.
Test morphology: Plano-convex, elongate-oval,
equatorial outline moderately lobulate; chambers
subangular to low conical, inflated on umbilical side; 4
chambers in final whorl, increasing rapidly in size;
sutures depressed, radial, weakly curved; umbilicus narrow, deep; aperture an umbilical-extraumbilical arch,
bordered by thin lip, extending almost to peripheral
margin; on spiral side about 10- 12 chambers in 2 1/2-3
whorls; chambers, lens-shaped to semi-circular,
increasing rapidly in size and overlapping previous
chambers; intercameral sutures depressed, curved;
sutural openings (apparently caused by secondary
calcification over the projecting edges of previously
calcified chamber margins) present on well-preserved
individuals, often obscured by thickened, hollow
muricae; muricae tend to concentrate along peripheral
margin but test remains non-carinate; in edge view test
is planoconvex; profile of early chambers rounded, with
flattening of ante- andlor penultimate chamber resulting
in subacute margin; peripheral margin distinctly muricate
but not carinate.
Size: Maximum diameter of holotype 0.38 mm,
thickness: 0.22 mm. |
| Discussion / Comments: |
Van Eijden & Smit (1991):
Remarks. Specimens clearly referable to this species are common (27%) only in Sample 121-752A-13X-3, 110-115 cm.
Pearson et al. (2006):
DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.-
This taxon is
distinguished by its (sub)quadrate, 4-chambered (in the
final whorl), planoconvex, distinctly muricate, test with
subrounded to (later) subacute axial outline.
DISCUSSION.-
This taxon, described originally from
the Bashi Formation (Zone P6a) of the U.S. Gulf Coast,
is the stem form of the early Eocene radiation of the
pseudotopilensis-quetra group. Berggren (l 960a, 1968)
considered that wilcoxensis evolved from the late
Paleocene form Acarinina esnaensis (LeRoy), itself a
senior synonym of Acarinina intermedia Subbotina, a
view maintained here, while Blow (1979, p. 965)
considered esnaensis a junior synonym of wilcoxensis.
Acarinina esnaensis (and A. intermedia) were originally
described from stratigraphic levels withidcorrelative to
Zone P4, not the lower Eocene as implied by Blow
(1 979). Acarinina wilcoxensis may be differentiated from
the morphologically similar esnaensis/intermedia by its
larger size, more elongate/oval shaped test and more
acute axial periphery.
Admittedly the holotype individuals of
esnaensis and wilcoxensis (see Plates 9.1 1 and 9.23 of
this paper) are markedly similar. However, the species
concept of this taxon is based on a broader consideration
of the variation exhibited by individuals from levels
within Zone E3-4. The illustration of Bolli (1957a, pl.
7-9) of wilcoxensis may be taken as exemplary and
demonstrates the (predominantly) subquadrate,
somewhat more anguloconical character of wilcoxensis; esnuensis generally is more elongate and has a subrounded periphery in edge view. Acarinina wilcoxensis berggreni (El Naggar) was described from Zone P5 in Egypt and said to differ
from esnaensis in its "compressed test, smaller size, fewer chambers in the last whorl, subrounded to subacute
periphery, much narrower umbilicus and peculiar
aperture". Blow (1979, p. 968-970) considered berggreni
to be characterized by having distinctly flattened terminal
chamber(s) on the spiral side, axially subangulate
periphery in terminal chamber(s), and peripheral
concentration (but not fusion) of muricae and to represent
a transition to/morphologic link between wilcoxensis
sensu stricto and quetra (with its disjunct, laterally
angulate chambers). Blow (1979, p. 968) included Bolli's
(1957a) illustration of wilcoxensis (with subacute
periphery) in berggreni, thus providing a clear illustration
of his concept of the taxon. Blow (1 979) indicated that
wilcoxensis appeared only ma$ginally earlierllower (mid-
Zone P6, = basal Zone E3) than berggreni (base Zone
P7, = upper part of Zone E3), although El Naggar (1 966,
p. 201) indicated that the first appearance of berggreni
overlapped with the terminal part of the range of
Globorotalia velascoensis (i.e., within the Zone El-E2
interval).
Stott and Kennett (1990, p. 560), on the other
hand, distinguished wilcoxensis and berggreni in Maud
Rise (Subantarctic) assemblages, but viewed wilcoxensis
as the morphotype with greater axial angularity and
flattened spiral surface (Blow, 1979). The morphologic differences between these two forms are viewed as those
of degree not kind and berggreni is included in the
synonymy of wilcoxensis here.
PHYLOGENETTC RELATIONSHIPS.-
Evolved from
Acarinina esnaensis and is the ancestor of the Acarinina
pseudotopilensis-quetra group.
STRATIGRAPHlC RANGE.-
Uppermost Zone P5
(just below the PETM event) to Zone E5.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.-
Widely distributed
in (sub)tropical areas (Caribbean, Atlantic, Indo-Pacific,
TethyanIMediterranean province); present also in austral
areas of the South Atlantic (Maud Rise) and Indian Ocean
(Kerguelen Plateau).
STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOBTOL0GY.-
No data
available. |
| Systematics: |
32
Familia Globorotaliidae
Genus Acarinina
Species Acarinina wilcoxensis
35
Ordo Foraminiferida
Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
Familia Truncorotaloididae
Genus Acarinina
Species Acarinina wilcoxensis
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| Synonym list: |
Van Eijden & Smit (1991):
Pearson et al. (2006):
1932 Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton. - Cushman & Ponton : p.71 pl. 9; fig. 10a-c [lower Eocene Bashi Fm., Hatchetigbee
Group, Alabama]
1944 Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton. - Cushman : p.15 pl. 2; fig. 14, 15a, b [Bashi Fm., Hatchetigbee Group, Alabama]
1953 Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton. - Hamilton : p. 231, 232 pl. 2; fig. 7 [lower Eocene, mid-Pacific
guyots]
1955 Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton. - Weiss : p.19 pl. 6; fig. 7-9 [lower Eocene,
Pale Greda Fm., north-west Peru]
1957 Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton. - Bolli : p.79 pl. 19; fig. 7-9 [lower Eocene, Globorotalia rex Zone, lower
Lizard Springs Fm., Trinidad]
1960 Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton. - Berggren : p. 97-100 pl. 13; fig. 3a-4c [lower Eocene, Rosnaes Clay Fm., Rogle
Klint, Denmark]
1966 Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton. - El-Naggar : p.250 pl. 23; fig. 5a-c [Globorotalia velascoensis Zone, Upper Owaina Shale
Fm., Egypt]
1966 Globorotalia berggreni El Naggar. - El-Naggar : p. 200, 201 pl. 23; fig. 7a-c [upper Paleocene Globorotalia velascoensis Zone,
Upper Owaina Shale Fm., Gebel Owaina, Egypt]
1971 Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton. - Postuma : p.220 fig. on p. 221 [lower
Eocene Bashi Fm., Hatchetigbee Group, Alabama]
1971 Acarinina wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton. - Berggren : pl. 5; fig. 4, 5 [Zone P6, DSDP Site 20C, South
Atlantic Ocean]
1975 Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton. - Stainforth et al. : p.243 text-fig. 98.1 (refigured), 98.2-5 [lower Eocene Globorotalia formosa Zone, Lodo
Fm., California]
1977 Acarinina wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton. - Tjalsma : p.496 pl. 3; fig. 12 [lower
Eocene Zone P6, DSDP Site 36, South Atantic Ocean]
1977 Acarinina wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton. - Berggren : p. 250, 251 chart-no. 10 (literature illustrations refigured)
1979 Globorotalia (Acarinina) wilcoxensis wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton. - Blow : p. 964-968 pl. 112, fig. 4, 5 [lower Eocene Zone P7 = Zone E3 of this paper, type locality of Bashi Fm., Alabama];
pl. 113, fig. 7-9;
pl. 114, fig. 1 and 6;
pl. 200, fig. 1-5 [lower Eocene Zone P7, Kilwa area, Tanzania];
pl. 122, fig. 1, 2;
pl. 199, fig. 5,6 [lower Eocene Zone P7 =Zone E3 of this paper, Shatsky Rise, north-west Pacific Ocean];
pl. 132, fig. 4 [lower Eocenc Zone P8b, DSDP Site 47, Shatsky Rise, north-west Pacific Ocean];
pl. 140, fig. 5-8 [lower Eocene Zone PSb, DSDP Hole 20C, South Atlantic Ocean]
1979 Globorotalia (Acarinina) wilcoxensis berggreni El Naggar. - Blow : p. 968-970 pl. 112, fig. 6 and 7 [lower Eocene Zone P7, Bashi Fm.,Alabama];
pl. 114, fig. 7,9 and 10;
pl. 115, fig. 1,2 [lower Eocene Zone P7, Kilwa area, Tanzania, East Africa];
pl. 122, fig. 3, 5 and 6;
pl. 123, fig. 1;
pl. 132, fig. 5 [lower Eocene Zone P7, DSDP
Site 47, Shatsky Rise, north-west Pacific Ocean]
1985 Morozovella wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton. - Snyder & Waters : p.446 pl. 10; fig. 3-5 [lower Eocene Zone
P6, DSDP Site 549, north-east Atlantic Ocean]
1990 Acarinina wilcoxensis berggreni El Naggar. - Stott & Kennett : p.560 pl. 4; fig. 5, 6 [lower Eocene Zone
AP6, ODP Hole 689B, Maud Rise, South Atlantic Ocean;
shown as Zone AP 8 in figure 2]
1993 Acarinina wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton. - Lu & Keller : p.102 pl. 2; fig. 14, 15 [lower Eocene Zone P6, DSDP Site 577,
Shatsky Rise, north-west Pacific Ocean]
2001 Acarinina wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton. - Warraich & Ogasawara : p.33 fig. 8.4-6 [Zone P5, Dungan Fm.,
Sulaiman Range, Pakistan]
2006 Acarinina wilcoxensis Cushman & Ponton. - Pearson et al. : p.317 pl. 9.23; fig. 1-16 (Pl. 9.23, Figs. 1-3: new SEMs of holotype of
Globorotalia wilcoxensis Cushman and Ponton)
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| Specimen: |
Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., Inventory number: USNM CC 16232
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| References: |
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An Eocene foraminiferal fauna of Wilcox age from Alabama . Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Vol. 8 p. 51-72
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Upper Cretaceous, Tertiary and Recent planktonic foraminifera from MId-Pacific flat-topped seamounts . Journal of Paleontology Vol. 27(2) p. 204-237
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The genera Globigerina and Globorotalia in the Paleocene-Lower Eocene Lizard Springs Formation of Trinidad, B.W.I . Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum Vol. 215 p. 61-82
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Some planktonic Foraminifera from the Lower Eocene (Ypresian) of Denmark and northwestern Germany . Stockholm Contribution in Geology Vol. 5 p. 41-108
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