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Turborotalia cocoaensis Cushman 1928 from: Pearson, P.N.Olsson, R.K.Hemleben, C.Huber, B.T.Berggren, W.A. (2006): Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513
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Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data
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Species Turborotalia cocoaensis Cushman 1928


Diagnosis / Definition:
Pearson et al. (2006):
DESCRIPTION. Type of wall: Smooth, normal to finely perforate with pustules around umbilicus and smooth calcite deposits around proloculus; tendency to defoliate; possible sparse spine holes. Test morphology: Large, low to moderate trochospiral, compressed conical to slightly biconvex test with 4-5 chambers in the final whorl; some specimens show imperforate band around periphery, or weak raised keel, especially on earlier chambers; chambers appressed and embracing, semicircular in dorsal view and wedge-shaped in ventral view, increasing moderately in size; final chamber distinctly acute at periphery in edge view; dorsal sutures strongly curved, flat or raised, commonly with imperforate band; aperture a broad arch, sometimes almost circular, generally not extending towards the periphery; an imperforate or pustulose lip is usually visible; umbilicus very narrow; ventral sutures moderately curved, depressed. Strong tendency for sinistral coiling. Size: Holotype length 0.48 mm, breadth 0.33 mm.
Discussion / Comments:
Pearson et al. (2006):
DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.- Turborotalia cocoaensis is distinguished from T. cerroazulensis by having a distinctly acute periphery to the final chamber as seen in edge view. DISCUSSION.- The holotype is illustrated by SEM for the first time (Pl. 15.4, Figs. 1-3). See remarks under T. cerroazulensis and T. cunialensis. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS .- Evolved from Turborotalia cerroazulensis in the upper Eocene (Blow and Banner 1962; Toumarkine and Bolli 1970). STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE.- Middle Eocene, upper Lone E13 to just below the Eocene/Oligocene boundary (Zone E16) (Toumarkine and Bolli, 1970; Coccioni and others, 1988). GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.- Cosmopolitian, possibly more restricted to tropical latitudes than T. ceeroazulensis. STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOBIOLOGY.- Pearson and others (2001) recorded oxygen Isotope rations almost identical to co-occurring T. cerroazulensis and rather more positive than the co-occurring T. pomeroli/T. pseudoampliapertura group, indicating a somewhat deeper mean habitat. Wade and Kroon (2002) found it to have oxygen and carbon isotope rations also indicating a deeper habitat.
Systematics:

32
 Familia Globorotaliidae
  Genus Turborotalia
   Species Turborotalia cocoaensis

35
  Ordo Foraminiferida
   Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
    Familia Hedbergellidae
     Genus Turborotalia
      Species Turborotalia cocoaensis
Synonym list:
Van Eijden & Smit (1991):
1928 Globorotalia cocoaensis Cushman. - Cushman : p.75 pl. 10, fig. 3
1991 Turborotalia cocoaensis Cushman. - Van Eijden & Smit : p.114
Pearson et al. (2006):
1928 Turborotalia cocoaensis Cushman. - Cushman : p.75 pl. 10; fig. 3a-c [upper Eocene, Cocoa Sand, Choctaw County, Alabama]
1932 Turborotalia cocoaensis Cushman. - Howe & Wallace : p. 75-76 pl. 14; fig. 4 [upper Eocene, Jackson Fm., Danville Landing, Lousiana]
? 1933 Globorotalia bonairensis Pijpers. - Pijpers : p.73 fig. 107-110 [upper Eocene, Columbia Plantation, Bonaire Island, West Indies]
1935 Turborotalia cocoaensis Cushman. - Cushman : p.50 pl. 21; fig. 1a-3c [upper Eocene, south-castern USA]
1957 Turborotalia cocoaensis Cushman. - Bolli : p.169 pl. 39; fig. 5a-7b [upper Eocene, Navet and San Fernando Fms., Trinidad]
1957 Globorotalia armenica Saakyan-Gesalyan. - Saakyan-Gesalyan : (fide Luterbacher, 1964)
1962 Turborotalia cocoaensis Cushman. - Aubert : p. 59-60 pl. 3; fig. 3a-c [Bartonian, Morocco]
1962 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) cerroazulensis Cole. - Blow & Banner : p. 135-136 pl. 12; fig. D-F [upper Eocene Zone P16, Sample FCRM 1923, Lindi, Tanzania]
1963 Turborotalia cocoaensis Cushman. - Eckert : p.1063 pl. 6; fig. 4a-5d [upper Eocene Globigerapsis semiinvoluta Zone, Mount Pilatus, Switzerland]
1969 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) cerroazulensis Cole. - Blow : p.347 pl. 36; fig. 3-4 [upper Eocene Zone P16, Sample FCRM 1923, Lindi, Tanzania]
1969 Globorotalia cerroazulensis Cole. - Samanta : p. 333-334 pl. 2; fig. 1a-c [upper Eocene, Kapili Fm., Assam, India]; [Not Cole, 1928]
1970 Globorotalia cerroazulensis cocoaensis Cushman. - Toumarkine & Bolli : p.144 pl. 1; fig. 28-33 [upper Eocene, Possagno area, Italy]
1975 Globorotalia cerroazulensis cocoaensis Cushman. - Toumarkine : p.744 pl. 2; fig. 7 [upper Eocene Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta Zone, DSDP Site 305, north-west Pacific Ocean]
1977 Globorotalia cerroazulensis cocoaensis Cushman. - Poore & Brabb : p.259 pl. 2; fig. 8-9 [upper Eocene Zone P16, San Lorenzo Fm., Santa Cruz Mountains, California]
1978 Globorotalia cerroazulensis cocoaensis Cushman. - Toumarkine : p.710 pl. 6; fig. 13-15 [upper Eocene Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta Zone, DSDP Site 363, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean]
p 1979 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) cerroazulensis Cole. - Blow : p. 1054-1058 pl. 36; fig. 3-4 (re-illustration from Blow 1969); [Not Cole, 1928]
1983 Turborotalia cocoaensis Cushman. - Pujol : p.651 pl. 10; fig. 1 [upper Eocene Zone P15-P16, DSDP Hole 5 16F, Rio Grande Rise, Southwest Atlantic]
1985 Globorotalia cerroazulensis cocoaensis Cushman. - Snyder & Waters : p.460 pl. 3; fig. 3-5 [upper Eocene Zone P1 7, DSDP Hole 549A, Goban Spur, North Atlantic Ocean]
1985 Turborotalia cerroazulensis cocoaensis Cushman. - Toumarkine & Luterbacher : p.138 fig. 34.2, 36.7-12 [reillustration from literature]
p 1994 Globorotalia cerroazulensis cocoaensis Cushman. - Nishi & Chaproniere : p.260 pl. 3; fig. 25-30 [upper Eocene Zone P15-P16, ODP Hole 841B, Tonga Trench, South Pacific Ocean]
p 1994 Globorotalia cerroazulensis cerroazulensis Cole. - Nishi & Chaproniere : p.260 pl. 3; fig. 22-24 [Upper Eocene Zone P1 5-P1 6, ODP Hole 841B, Tonga Trench, South Pacific Ocean]; [Not Cole, 1928]
2006 Turborotalia cocoaensis Cushman. - Pearson et al. : p.444 pl. 15.4; fig. 1-12 (Pl. 15.4, Figs. 1-3: new SEMs of holotype of Globorotalia cocoaensis Cushman)
Was used in synonym list of:
Specimen:
Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., Inventory number: USNM 10408
References:

Cushman,J.A. (1928):
Additional foraminifera from the Upper Eocene of Alabama . Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Vol. 4 p. 73-79

Howe,H.V. and Wallace,W.E. (1932):
Foraminifera of the Jackson Eocene at Danville Landing on the Ouachita, Catahoula Parish, Louisiana . Bull. Louisiana Dept. Conservation Geol. Vol. 2 p. 18-79

Pijpers,P.J. (1933):
Geology and Paleontology of Bonaire (D. W. I.) . Univ. Utrecht Geogr. Geol. Med., Phys.- Geol. Reeks Vol. 8 p. 1-103

Cushman,J.A. (1935):
Upper Eocene foraminifera of the southeastern United States . Professional Papers U.S. Geological Survey Vol. 181 p. 1-88

Bolli,H.M. (1957):
Planktonic Foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad, B.W.I. . Bull. U.S. natl. Mus. Vol. 215 p. 155-172

Saakyan-Gesalyan,N.A.. (1957):
Foraminifera of the Tertiary deposits of the Erevan Basin . Akademiya Nauk Armianskoi SSR, Geologicheskii Institut p. 141 p.

Blow,W.H. and Banner,F.T. (1962):
The Mid-Tertiary (Upper Eocene to Aquitanian) Globigerinaceae.
In: Fundamentals of Mid‑Tertiary Stratigraphical Correlation Eds: Eames, F.E.Banner, F.T.Blow, W.H.Clarke, W.J. p. 61‑151

Aubert,J.. (1962):
Les Globorotalia de la region prerifaine (Maroc septentrional) . Notes et Memoires du Service Geologique Maroc Vol. 22 p. 1-156

Eckert,H.R.. (1963):
Die obereeozaen Globigerinen-Schiefer (Stadund Schimbergerschiefer) zwischen Pilatus und Schrattenfluh . Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae Vol. 56 p. 1001-1072

Blow,W.H. (1969):
Late middle Eocene to Recent planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy.
In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Planktonic Microfossils, Geneva 1967 Vol. 1 Eds: Bronnimann, P.Renz, H.H. p. 199-422

Samanta,B.K. (1969):
Eocene planktonic foraminifera from the Gargo Hills, Assam, India . Micropalaeontology Vol. 15 p. 325-350

Toumarkine,M. and Bolli,H.M. (1970):
Evolution de Globorotalia cerroazulensis (Cole) dans l'Eocene moyen et superieur de Possagno (Italie) . Revue de Micropaleontologie Vol. 13 p. 131-145

Toumarkine,M. (1975):
Middle and Late Eocene planktonic foraminifera from the northwestern Pacific, Leg 32 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project.
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 32 Eds: Larson, R.L.Moberly, R. p. 735-751

Poore,R.Z. and Brabb,E.E.. (1977):
Eocene and Oligocene planktonic foraminifera from the Upper Butano Sandstone and type San Lorenzo Formation, Santa Cruz Mountains, California . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 7 p. 249-272

Toumarkine,M. (1978):
Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Paleogene of Sites 360 to 364 and the Neogene of Sites 362A, 363, and 364 Leg 40.
In: Initial Results of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 40

Blow,W.H. (1979):
The Cainozoic Globigerinida. 3 Vols p. 1413 pp

Pujol,C. (1983):
Cenozoic Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Southwestern Atlantic (Rio Grande Rise): Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 72.
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 72 Eds: Barker, P.F.Johnson, D.A. p. 623-673

Toumarkine,M. and Luterbacher,H.P. (1985):
Paleocene and Eocene Planktic Foraminifera.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy p. 87-154

Snyder,S.W. and Waters,V.J. (1985):
Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Goban Spur region.
In: Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 80

Van Eijden,A.J.M. and Smit,J. (1991):
Eastern Indian Ocean Cretaceous and Paleogene quantitative biostratigraphy.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 121 Eds: Weissel, J.Peirce, J.Taylor, E.Alt, J. p. 77-123

Nishi,H.. and Chaproniere,G.C.H. (1994):
Eocene-Oligocene subtropical planktonic foraminifers at Site 841.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 135 Eds: Hawkins, J..Parson, L..Allan, J..others p. 245-266

Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006):
Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513
Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data
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