Pseudohastigerina micra Cole 1927 from: Quilty, P.G.. (1976): Planctonic foraminifera DSDP Leg 34- Nazca Plata . DSDP initial reports Vol. 34 | . |
Notice: This catalogue page may contain unedited data.
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Species Pseudohastigerina micra Cole 1927 |
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| Diagnosis / Definition: |
Pearson et al. (2006):
DESCRIPTION.-
Type of wall: Smooth, normal perforate.
Test morphology: Test planispiral, compressed,
tightly coiled, involute, circular to oval in outline,
chambers globular; in spiral view 6-7 chambers in
ultimate whorl, increasing slowly in size, sutures slightly
depressed, straight, may be gently curved between
ultimate chambers, umbilicus small, circular in shape,
generally only apertural lip of ultimate chamber visible;
in edge view, primary aperture equatorial, symmetric, a
circular high arch bordered by a narrow lip, bipartite apertures sometimes present on ultimate chamber, test
compressed with a rounded to slightly acute periphery;
chambers globular.
Size: Maximum diameter of holotype 0.17 mm,
thickness 0.09 mm. |
| Discussion / Comments: |
Toumarkine & Luterbacher (1985):
This planispiral, biumbilicate, rather small species (0.2 to 0.4 mm) differs from its ancestral form P. wilcoxensis in being more laterally compressed. During the late Early Eocene and the early Middle Eocene both species occur together with transitional forms.
The periphery of P. micro is generally rounded but becomes subacute in larger specimens.
P. micro is larger than P. naguewichiensis and has less chambers in the last whorl (5 to 7 instead of 6 to 8).
We include P. danvillensis (Fig. 21.9) in the range of variability of P. micro. P. micra has a worldwide distribution. This apparently fragile species is in fact very resistant to bad ecologic conditions and may be a dominant species in high latitude assemblages and in Early Oligocene assemblages of the Alps and Eastern Europe.
Bolli (1957):
With the exception of the Globorotalia palmerae zone, Hastigerina micra (Cole) occurs through¬ out the Navet and San Fernando formations but does not continue into the Oligocene Miocene Cipero formation. Glaessner (1937) changed the generic status of this species to Globigerinella which is now regarded as a junior synonym of Hastigerina (Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, 1957, p. 29).
Van Eijden & Smit (1991):
Remarks. P. micra is usually rare in the middle and upper Eocene, and very rare in the lower Oligocene.
Spezzaferri & Silva (1990):
The specimen illustrated is from
Late Eocene Core 14-CC. The Oligocene forms
display the same small size as the other pseudohastigerinids.
Pearson et al. (2006):
DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.-
This species is
characterized by its small compressed test, which is
nearly circular in outline, globular chambers, straight
sutures, and rounded periphery in edge view. Bipartite
apertures are a frequent feature. The aperture, whether
single or paired, is a high circular arch, bordered by a
narrow, well-developed lip.
DISCUSSION.-
Pseudohastigerina danvillensis
(Howe and Wallace) was described from the Jackson
Formation at Danville Landing on the Ouachita River,
Lousiana. The Jackson Formation at this locality can
be placed in Zone E15-16 based on the occurrence of
Cribrohantkenina inflata (Howe). Blow (1979)
recognized P. danvillensis, which has been treated as a junior
synonym of Pseudohastigerina micra (Cole), as
a valid species distinguishable from P micra. Although he stated that he had examined type material from
Danville Landing given to him by Ruth Todd, he did not
illustrate any specimens from this locality. Most of the
specimens he illustrated by SEM were from Zone E8 in
deep-sea piston core KANE 9-Core 42 from the
Endeavour Seamount, equatorial Atlantic Ocean. He
illustrated other specimens that he identified as P. danvillensis from Zones E9 and E16 from localities in
Tanzania. Blow emphasized that P. danvillensis could
be separated from P. micra on the basis of a more
chambers, ovoid or ogival-shaped chambers
in edge view, and recurved sutures. However, the
holotype of P. danvillensis (Pl. 14.3, Figs. 13, 14) has
rounded, inflated chambers as does the holotype of P
micra (Pl. 14.3, Figs. 11, 12) and the ultimate chamber
of the P. micra holotype is more ovoid in appearance.
Furthermore, the topotype of P. micra figured in Blow
1979, pl. 253, fig. 7) is nearly identical top danvillensis
holotype (PI. 14.3, Figs. 13, 14) and the two holotypes
of these species are similar in umbilical view (compare
Pl. 14.3: Figs. 11 and 13) except for the ultimate
chambers which differ slightly in their dimensions. The
sutures in both holotypes are depressed and radial
between earlier chambers of the final whorl and are
slightly curved distally between the ultimate and
penultimate chambers. The ultimate chamber of P.
danvillensis holotype has bipartite apertures, a
characteristic feature seen in populations of P. micra,
although, curiously, the bipartite apertures are situated
below a single arched thickened lip. Thus, Blow's
criteria for separating these two species cannot be applied
to the two holotypes and P danvillensis is placed as a
junior synonym of P. micra.
Pseudohastigerina acutimarginata, P. pellucida,
and P. quadrata were described by Abdel-Kareem (1979)
from the middle Eocene of Egypt. The three species are
considered junior synonyms of P. micra as they show
the range of morphologic variability observed in this
species. Pseudohastigerina sharkriverensis Berggren
and Olsson figured by Warraich and Ogasawara (2001,
figs. 16, 18, 19) does not exhibit the quadrate outline of
P. sharkriverensis and is regarded here as P micra. It is
from the same sample as the specimen identified by them
as P. micra (their figs. 16, 18, 19).
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS.-
Pseudo-hastigerina micra evolved from Pseudohastigerina
wilcoxensis by a reduction in size of the test, by a
reduction in rate of increase in the size of chambers,
and by an increase in number of chambers in the final
whorl.
STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE.-
Zone E7 to lower Zone
O1. Extinction level not yet determined.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.-
Global in low to
high latitudes.
STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOBIOL0GY.-
Usually
registers among the most negative ò18O values of
assemblages, indicating a shallow water habitat.
However carbon isotope are strongly depleted with
respect to the surface dwelling muricate species,
suggesting a different carbon metabolism from other
surface dwellers (Poore and Matthews, 1984; Boersma
and others, 1987; Pearson and others, 200 1).
Quilty (1976):
Remarks: Most specimens recorded are typical but the specimens in 321-8,CC (PI9) have laterally compressed chambers, overhanging the previous whorl. The specimen is virtually identical with Blow's (1969), pl. 53, fig. 4. |
| Systematics: |
15
Classis Foraminifera
Genus Pseudohastigerina
Species Pseudohastigerina micra
22
32
Ordo Foraminiferida
Familia Hantkeninidae
Genus Pseudohastigerina
Species Pseudohastigerina micra
35
Ordo Foraminiferida
Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
Familia Hedbergellidae
Genus Pseudohastigerina
Species Pseudohastigerina micra
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| Synonym list: |
Toumarkine & Luterbacher (1985):
Van Eijden & Smit (1991):
Spezzaferri & Silva (1990):
Pearson et al. (2006):
1927 Nonion micrus Cole. - Cole : p.22 pl. 5; fig. 12 [middle Eocene
Zone P12, Guayabal Fm., Tampico, Mexico]
1932 Nonion danvillensis Howe & Wallace. - Howe & Wallace : p.51 pl. 9; fig. 3a-b [upper Eocene Zone P16, Jackson Fm., Danville
Landing, Ouachita River, Lousiana]
1940 Nonion iota Finlay. - Finlay : p.456 pl. 65; fig. 108-110 [middle
Eocene Bortonian Stage, McKay's marly clay, South
Island, New Zealand]
p 1953 Globigerinella micra Cole. - Subbotina : p.122 pl. 13; fig. 16a-b, 17 (not fig. 18a-b =Pseudohastigerina
naguewichiensis); [fig. 16, upper Eocene zone of
thin-walled pelagic foraminifera, northern
Caucasus; fig. 17, upper Eocene Lagenid zone,
Kiev stage, Stalingrad region]
p 1957 Hastigerina micra Cole. - Bolli : p.161 pl. 35; fig. 2a-b (not pl. 35: fig. 1a-b.); [middle Eocene
Porticulasphaera mexicana Zone, Navet Fm.,
Trinidad]
1967 Pseudohastigerina micra Cole. - Berggren et al. : p.275 text-fig. 9 [middle Eocene Zone P12, type
locality, Guayabal Fm., Mexico]
1971 Globanomalina micra Cole. - Jenkins : p.78 pl. 2; fig. 50-54 (fig. 50, 51, reillustration of holotype of
Nonion iota Finlay; fig. 52-54, illustration of
paratype of Nonion iota Finlay)
1975 Pseudohastigerina micra Cole. - Toumarkine & Bolli : p.82 pl. 1; fig. 1, 2 [upper Eocene Turborotalia
cerroazulensis s.l. Zone, Possagno, Italy]
p 1979 Pseudohastigerina micra Cole. - Blow : p.1185 pl. 166, fig. 11 [middle
Eocene Zone P 11, Kilwa Area, Tanzania, East Africa];
pl. 198, fig. 8,9 [middle Eocene Zone P13, Kilwa Area, Tanzania, sample RS. 311];
pl. 253, fig. 7-9 [middle Eocene Zone P12, type locality, Guayabal Fm., Mexico] (not pl. 198: figs. 1-6 = aff.
Pseudohastigerina wilcoxensis)
1979 Pseudohastigerina acutimarginata Abdel-Kireem. - Abdel-Kireem : p.66 pl. 1; fig. 1a-c [middle Eocene, Mokattam Fm., Gebel
Mokattam area, E1 Darasah, Cairo, Egypt]
1979 Pseudohastigerina pellucida Abdel-Kireem. - Abdel-Kireem : p.67 pl. 1; fig. 2a-c [middle Eocene, El Mishigeiga limestone
Member, Wadi Rayan Fm., Fayoum Province, Egypt]
1979 Pseudohastigerina quadrata Abdel-Kireem. - Abdel-Kireem : p.68 pl. 1; fig. 3a, b [middle Eocene, Mokattam Fm., Gebel Mokattam
area, El Darasah, Cairo, Egypt]
1983 Pseudohastigerina micra Cole. - Krasheninnikov & Basov : p.841 pl. 9; fig. 8-10 [middle Eocene, DSDP Site 5 12, Maurice Ewing
Bank, South Atlantic Ocean]
p 1985 Pseudohastigerina micra Cole. - Toumarkine & Luterbacher : p.118 fig. 21.1 (holotype reillustrated);
fig. 21.2a-b (reillustration of Bolli, 1957, pl. 35, fig. 1a-b);
fig. 21.3, 4 (reillustration of Toumarkine and Bolli, 1975, pl. l, figs. 1, 2);
fig. 21.5, 6 (reillustration from literature) (not fig. 21.7, 8); [middle Eocene, El
Midawarah Fm., Fayoum Area, Egypt]
1994 Pseudohastigerina micra Cole. - Nishi & Chaproniere : p.259 pl. 1; fig. 24-27 [upper Eocene
ODP Hole 841B, Tonga Trench, South Pacific
Ocean]
2001 Pseudohastigerina micra Cole. - Warraich & Ogasawara : p.51 fig. 16.16, 17 [Zone E10-12, Kirthar Fm., Sulaiman Range,
Pakistan]
2001 Pseudohastigerina sharkriverensis Berggren & Olsson. - Warraich & Ogasawara : p.51 fig. 16, 18, 19 [Zone E10-12, Kirthar Fm., Sulaiman Range,
Pakistan]; [Not Berggren and Olsson, 1967]
2006 Pseudohastigerina micra Cole. - Pearson et al. : p.425 pl. 14.3; fig. 11-24 (Pl. 14.3, Figs. 11, 12: new SEMs of holotype of
Nonion micrus Cole)
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| Was used in synonym list of: |
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| Specimen: |
Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., Inventory number: USNM CC243208
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| References: |
Cole,W.S. (1927):
A foraminiferal fauna from the Guabal Formation in Mexico . Bulletins of American paleontology Vol. 14 p. 1-46
Howe,H.V. and Wallace,W.E. (1932):
Foraminifera of the Jackson Eocene at Danville Landing on the Ouachita, Catahoula Parish, Louisiana . Bull. Louisiana Dept. Conservation Geol. Vol. 2 p. 18-79
Glaessner,M.F. (1937):
Planktonische Foraminiferen aus der Kreide und dem Eozän und ihre stratigraphische Bedeutung.
In: Studies in Micropaleontology Vol. 1(1) p. 27-46
Finlay,H.J. (1940):
New Zealand Foraminifera; key species in stratigraphy . Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand Vol. 69
Subbotina,N.N. (1953):
Iskopaemye foraminifery SSSR (Globigerinidy, Khantkenininidy i Globorotaliidy) . Trudy Vsesoyznogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Geologo-razvedochnogo Instituta (VNIGRI) Vol. 76 p. 296
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Planktonic Foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad, B.W.I. . Bull. U.S. natl. Mus. Vol. 215 p. 155-172
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Origin and Development of the Foraminiferal Genus Pseudohastigerina Banner and Blow, 1959 . Micropaleontology Vol. 13 p. 265-288
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