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Species Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez 1937 | ||||||
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Diagnosis / Definition: | ||||||
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983): Test of medium size, compact, four chambers in the final whorl, sutures depressed, radial, surface distinctly cancellate;large, circular pores located within distinct pore pits. Aperture covered by a single umbilical bulla with one or more accessory infralaminal apertures. |
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Discussion / Comments: | ||||||
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983): Blow and Banner (1962) restricted Cs. dissimilis dissimilis to forms possessing only single infralaminal apertures at the end of each bulla, and forms with more than one aperture were separated as Cs. dissimilis ciperoensis. Since both of these forms occur together in the assemblage and show similar stratigraphic range in the early Miocene, they are not separated here. Bolli & Saunders (1985): A valuable marker species with 4 chambers in the last whorl and a well developed bulla covering the umbilicus. The test is characteristically coarse pored though the bulla is usually finer textured. The specimen chosen as holotype by Cushman & Bermudez has a less well developed bulla than is seen in the paratypes and in much additional material (for example, Fig. 17.2). Apertures are located at the ends of the bulla and may vary from one to four. Various names have been given depending on the number of apertures. For example, C. unicavus Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan for one aperture (Fig. 17.4), C. dissimilis dissimilis for 2 apertures and C. dissimilis ciperoensis (Blow & Banner) for 3 or 4 apertures. However, the distribution of the various forms seems to be random throughout a similar total range and therefore we do not document them in the present work. Caution is necessary, particularly in poorly preserved material, not to confuse C. dissimilis with some species of Globigerina, for example G. venezuela, which have a tendency to produce an aberrant small last chamber that can occupy a position partially covering the umbilicus. The more globular appearance of such a chamber is usually an indication of its origin. Also, a true bulla often exhibits a slightly different wall texture to that seen in the chambers of the test. One small form with a semi-translucent, glassy wall and a small, flat bulla has been described as C. parvulus Bolli, Loeblich & Trappan (1957). It occurs as hight as the Globorotalia menardii Zone in the Middle Miocene but its lower limit is uncertain as is its taxonomic status. Bolli (1957): The middle and upper Eocene forms differ from the Catapsydrax dissimilis of the Oligocenelower Miocene in having somewhat more globular chambers. The umbilical bullae have commonly only two and more rarely only one infralaminal accessory aperture, whereas the bullae of Oligocene lower Miocene specimens often display three or four accessory apertures. C. unicavus Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, whose bulla has one accessory aperture, is smaller in size and its chambers are less inflated than those found in C. cf. dissimilis. The direction of coiling in the Eocene specimens is apparently random, whereas the Oligocene lower Miocene specimens show a strong preference for dextral coiling. Van Eijden & Smit (1991): Remarks. C. dissimilis is widespread but rarely common. Spezzaferri & Silva (1990): Also included here are specimens that exhibit a lobulate periphery like typical C. dissimilis and possess, when present, a clear bulla with only two infralaminal accessory apertures (Plate l, la d). Pearson et al. (2006): n.h. This is a commonly recognized species in the Oligocene and lower Miocene; here we present an abbreviated synonymy list. |
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Systematics: | ||||||
1 Superregnum Eukaryota Regnum Protoctista Phylum Ciliophora Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora Ordo Globigerinida Superfamilia Globorotaliaceae Superfamilia Nonionacea Familia Catapsydracidae Genus Catapsydrax Species Catapsydrax dissimilis 3 Classis Foraminifera Genus Beella Genus Catapsydrax 22 Genus Catapsydrax Species Catapsydrax dissimilis 24 Genus Catapsydrax Genus Globigerina Species Catapsydrax dissimilis 32 Ordo Foraminiferida Familia Globigerinidae Genus Catapsydrax Species Catapsydrax dissimilis 35 Ordo Foraminiferida Superfamilia Globigerinaceae Familia Globigerinidae Genus Catapsydrax Species Catapsydrax dissimilis |
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Synonym list: | ||||||
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983): 1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p.25 pl 3 figs 4-6
Chaisson & d'Hondt (2000): 1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p.25 pl 3 figs 4-6
1983 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Kennett & Srinivasan : p.22 pl 2 figs 1,3-8
Bolli & Saunders (1985): 1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p.25 pl. 3, figs. 4-6
1957 Catapsydrax unicavus Bolli et al.. - Bolli et al. : p.107 pl. 14, figs. A-C
1985 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Bolli & Saunders : p.187 figs. 17.1-4; 7,9,12
Bolli (1957): 1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p. 25 pl. 3, figs. 7-8
1949 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Bermudez : p. 279 pl. 21, fig. 47
1953 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Beckmann : p. 391 pl. 25, fig. 10
1957 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Bolli : pl. 7, figs. 6a-8c
1957 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Bolli et al. : p. 36 pl. 7, figs. 6-8
Bolli (1957): 1957 Catapsydrax cf. dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Bolli : p. 274 pl. 37, figs. 6a-b
Van Eijden & Smit (1991): 1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p.25 pl. 3, figs. 4-6
1991 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Van Eijden & Smit : p.109
Vincent & Toumarkine (1990): 1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p. 25 pl. 3, figs. 4-6
1990 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Vincent & Toumarkine : p. 830 pl. 1, figs. 3-4
Spezzaferri & Silva (1990): 1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez :
1962 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Blow & Banner : pl. XIV
1990 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Spezzaferri & Silva :
Chaisson & Leckie (1993): 1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p.25 pl. 3; fig. 4-6
1983 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Kennett & Srinivasan : p.22 pl. 2; fig. 1, 3-8
Pearson et al. (2006): 1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p.25 pl. 3; fig. 4-6 [Eocene, Havana Province, Cuba]
1957 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Bolli et al. : p.36 pl. 7; fig. 6a-c [reillustration of holotype], fig. 7a-8c [Oligocene-
Miocene, Cipero Fm., Trinidad]
1961 Globigerina simulans Bermudez. - Bermudez : p.1198 pl. 6, fig. 1a;
pl. 15, fig. 3a-b;
pl. 6, fig. 16 [upper Eocene Jacabo Fm.,
Cuba]
1962 Globigerinita dissimilis dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Blow & Banner : p.106 pl. 14; fig. D [middle
Eocene Truncorotaloides rohri Zone, Lindi, Tanzania]
1974 Catapsydrax dissimilis dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Fleisher : p.1016 pl. 4; fig. 5 [Oligocene
Zone 03-05, Site 223, Arabian Sea]
1983 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Kennett & Srinivasan : p.22 pl. 2; fig. 1, 3-8 [lower Miocene Zone N4, DSDP
Site 206, Tasman Sea, South Pacific Ocean]
1991 Catapsydrax dissimilis dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Spezzaferri & Premoli Silva : p.236 pl. 1; fig. 1a-d [upper Oligocene
Zone 06, ODP Hole 538A, Gulf of Mexico]
1991 Catapsydrax dissimilis dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Huber : p.439 pl. 5; fig. 19 [lower Miocene, ODP Hole 744A,
Kerguelen Plateau, Southern Indian Ocean]
1994 Catapsydrax dissimilis dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Spezzaferri : p.48 pl. 33; fig. 1a-c [upper Oligocene Zone 06, ODP
Hole 538A, Gulf of Mexico]
2006 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Pearson et al. : p.77 pl. 5.3; fig. 18-20 (Pl. 5.3, Figs. 18-20, new SEMs of holotype of
Globigerinita dissimilis Cushman and Bermudez,
1937)
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Stratigraphy - absolute ages: | ||||||
LAD: 17.3 ± 0 [Ma], Berggren et al. (1995) |
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References: | ||||||
Cushman,J.A. and Bermudez,P.J. (1937): Bermudez,P.J. (1949): Beckmann,J.P. (1953): Bolli,H.M.; Loeblich,A.R. and Tappan,H. (1957): Bolli,H.M. (1957): Bolli,H.M. (1957): Bermudez,P.J. (1961): Blow,W.H. and Banner,F.T. (1962): Fleisher,R.L. (1974): Kennett,J. and Srinivasan,M.S. (1983): Bolli,H.M. and Saunders,J.B. (1985): Spezzaferri,S. and Silva,I.S.. (1990): Vincent,E. and Toumarkine,M. (1990): Huber,B.T. (1991): Spezzaferri,S. and Premoli Silva,I. (1991): Van Eijden,A.J.M. and Smit,J. (1991): Chaisson,W.P. and Leckie,R.M. (1993): Spezzaferri,S. (1994): Berggren,W.A.; Kent,D.V.; Swisher,C.C. and Aubry,M.P. (1995): Chaisson,W.P. and d'Hondt,S.L. (2000): Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006): |
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Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data | ||||||
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