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Species Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez 1937


Diagnosis / Definition:
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983):
Test of medium size, compact, four chambers in the final whorl, sutures depressed, radial, surface distinctly cancellate;large, circular pores located within distinct pore pits. Aperture covered by a single umbilical bulla with one or more accessory infralaminal apertures.
Discussion / Comments:
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983):
Blow and Banner (1962) restricted Cs. dissimilis dissimilis to forms possessing only single infralaminal apertures at the end of each bulla, and forms with more than one aperture were separated as Cs. dissimilis ciperoensis. Since both of these forms occur together in the assemblage and show similar stratigraphic range in the early Miocene, they are not separated here.
Bolli & Saunders (1985):
A valuable marker species with 4 chambers in the last whorl and a well developed bulla covering the umbilicus. The test is characteristically coarse pored though the bulla is usually finer textured. The specimen chosen as holotype by Cushman & Bermudez has a less well developed bulla than is seen in the paratypes and in much additional material (for example, Fig. 17.2). Apertures are located at the ends of the bulla and may vary from one to four. Various names have been given depending on the number of apertures. For example, C. unicavus Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan for one aperture (Fig. 17.4), C. dissimilis dissimilis for 2 apertures and C. dissimilis ciperoensis (Blow & Banner) for 3 or 4 apertures. However, the distribution of the various forms seems to be random throughout a similar total range and therefore we do not document them in the present work. Caution is necessary, particularly in poorly preserved material, not to confuse C. dissimilis with some species of Globigerina, for example G. venezuela, which have a tendency to produce an aberrant small last chamber that can occupy a position partially covering the umbilicus. The more globular appearance of such a chamber is usually an indication of its origin. Also, a true bulla often exhibits a slightly different wall texture to that seen in the chambers of the test. One small form with a semi-translucent, glassy wall and a small, flat bulla has been described as C. parvulus Bolli, Loeblich & Trappan (1957). It occurs as hight as the Globorotalia menardii Zone in the Middle Miocene but its lower limit is uncertain as is its taxonomic status.
Bolli (1957):
The middle and upper Eocene forms differ from the Catapsydrax dissimilis of the Oligocenelower Miocene in having somewhat more globular chambers. The umbilical bullae have commonly only two and more rarely only one infralaminal accessory aperture, whereas the bullae of Oligocene lower Miocene specimens often display three or four accessory apertures. C. unicavus Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, whose bulla has one accessory aperture, is smaller in size and its chambers are less inflated than those found in C. cf. dissimilis. The direction of coiling in the Eocene specimens is apparently random, whereas the Oligocene lower Miocene specimens show a strong preference for dextral coiling.
Van Eijden & Smit (1991):
Remarks. C. dissimilis is widespread but rarely common.
Spezzaferri & Silva (1990):
Also included here are specimens that exhibit a lobulate periphery like typical C. dissimilis and possess, when present, a clear bulla with only two infralaminal accessory apertures (Plate l, la d).
Pearson et al. (2006):
n.h. This is a commonly recognized species in the Oligocene and lower Miocene; here we present an abbreviated synonymy list.
Systematics:

1
 Superregnum Eukaryota
  Regnum Protoctista
   Phylum Ciliophora
    Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora
     Ordo Globigerinida
      Superfamilia Globorotaliaceae
       Superfamilia Nonionacea
        Familia Catapsydracidae
         Genus Catapsydrax
          Species Catapsydrax dissimilis

3
  Classis Foraminifera
   Genus Beella
    Genus Catapsydrax

22
  Genus Catapsydrax
   Species Catapsydrax dissimilis

24
  Genus Catapsydrax
   Genus Globigerina
    Species Catapsydrax dissimilis

32
 Ordo Foraminiferida
  Familia Globigerinidae
   Genus Catapsydrax
    Species Catapsydrax dissimilis

35
  Ordo Foraminiferida
   Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
    Familia Globigerinidae
     Genus Catapsydrax
      Species Catapsydrax dissimilis
Synonym list:
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983):
1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p.25 pl 3 figs 4-6
Chaisson & d'Hondt (2000):
1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p.25 pl 3 figs 4-6
1983 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Kennett & Srinivasan : p.22 pl 2 figs 1,3-8
Bolli & Saunders (1985):
1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p.25 pl. 3, figs. 4-6
1957 Catapsydrax unicavus Bolli et al.. - Bolli et al. : p.107 pl. 14, figs. A-C
1985 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Bolli & Saunders : p.187 figs. 17.1-4; 7,9,12
Bolli (1957):
1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p. 25 pl. 3, figs. 7-8
1949 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Bermudez : p. 279 pl. 21, fig. 47
1953 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Beckmann : p. 391 pl. 25, fig. 10
1957 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Bolli : pl. 7, figs. 6a-8c
1957 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Bolli et al. : p. 36 pl. 7, figs. 6-8
Bolli (1957):
1957 Catapsydrax cf. dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Bolli : p. 274 pl. 37, figs. 6a-b
Van Eijden & Smit (1991):
1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p.25 pl. 3, figs. 4-6
1991 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Van Eijden & Smit : p.109
Vincent & Toumarkine (1990):
1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p. 25 pl. 3, figs. 4-6
1990 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Vincent & Toumarkine : p. 830 pl. 1, figs. 3-4
Spezzaferri & Silva (1990):
1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez :
1962 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Blow & Banner : pl. XIV
1990 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Spezzaferri & Silva :
Chaisson & Leckie (1993):
1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p.25 pl. 3; fig. 4-6
1983 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Kennett & Srinivasan : p.22 pl. 2; fig. 1, 3-8
Pearson et al. (2006):
1937 Globigerina dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Cushman & Bermudez : p.25 pl. 3; fig. 4-6 [Eocene, Havana Province, Cuba]
1957 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Bolli et al. : p.36 pl. 7; fig. 6a-c [reillustration of holotype], fig. 7a-8c [Oligocene- Miocene, Cipero Fm., Trinidad]
1961 Globigerina simulans Bermudez. - Bermudez : p.1198 pl. 6, fig. 1a; pl. 15, fig. 3a-b; pl. 6, fig. 16 [upper Eocene Jacabo Fm., Cuba]
1962 Globigerinita dissimilis dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Blow & Banner : p.106 pl. 14; fig. D [middle Eocene Truncorotaloides rohri Zone, Lindi, Tanzania]
1974 Catapsydrax dissimilis dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Fleisher : p.1016 pl. 4; fig. 5 [Oligocene Zone 03-05, Site 223, Arabian Sea]
1983 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Kennett & Srinivasan : p.22 pl. 2; fig. 1, 3-8 [lower Miocene Zone N4, DSDP Site 206, Tasman Sea, South Pacific Ocean]
1991 Catapsydrax dissimilis dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Spezzaferri & Premoli Silva : p.236 pl. 1; fig. 1a-d [upper Oligocene Zone 06, ODP Hole 538A, Gulf of Mexico]
1991 Catapsydrax dissimilis dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Huber : p.439 pl. 5; fig. 19 [lower Miocene, ODP Hole 744A, Kerguelen Plateau, Southern Indian Ocean]
1994 Catapsydrax dissimilis dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Spezzaferri : p.48 pl. 33; fig. 1a-c [upper Oligocene Zone 06, ODP Hole 538A, Gulf of Mexico]
2006 Catapsydrax dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez. - Pearson et al. : p.77 pl. 5.3; fig. 18-20 (Pl. 5.3, Figs. 18-20, new SEMs of holotype of Globigerinita dissimilis Cushman and Bermudez, 1937)
Stratigraphy - absolute ages:
LAD: 17.3 ± 0 [Ma], Berggren et al. (1995)
References:

Cushman,J.A. and Bermudez,P.J. (1937):
Further new species of foraminifers from the Eocene of Cuba . Cushman Lab. Foraminiferal Res. Contrib Vol. 13

Bermudez,P.J. (1949):
Tertiary smaller foraminifers of the Dominican Republic . Spec. Publ.Cushman Lab. Foraminiferal Res., Vol. 25 p. 1-322

Beckmann,J.P. (1953):
Die Foraminiferen der Oceanic Formation (Eocaen-Oligocaen) von Barbados, Kl. Antillen . Ecoglae geologicae Helvetiae Vol. 46 p. 301-412

Bolli,H.M.; Loeblich,A.R. and Tappan,H. (1957):
The Planktonic foraminiferal families Hantkeninidae, Orbulinidae, Globorotaliidae, and Globotruncanidae . U.S. National Museum Bull. Vol. 215 p. 3-50

Bolli,H.M. (1957):
Planktonic foraminifera from the Oligocene-Miocene Cipero and Lengua formations of Trinidad, B.W.I..
In: Studies in Foraminifery, Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum Vol. 215 Eds: Loeblich, A.R.Tappan, H.Beckmann, J.P.Bolli, H.M.Gallitelli, E.M.Troelsen, J.C. p. 97-123

Bolli,H.M. (1957):
Planktonic Foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad, B.W.I. . Bull. U.S. natl. Mus. Vol. 215 p. 155-172

Bermudez,P.J. (1961):
Contribucion al estudio de las Globigerinidea de la region Caribe-Antillana (Paleocene-Reciente).
In: Boletino Geologia (Venezuela), Special Publicacion Vol. 3

Blow,W.H. and Banner,F.T. (1962):
The Mid-Tertiary (Upper Eocene to Aquitanian) Globigerinaceae.
In: Fundamentals of Mid‑Tertiary Stratigraphical Correlation Eds: Eames, F.E.Banner, F.T.Blow, W.H.Clarke, W.J. p. 61‑151

Fleisher,R.L. (1974):
Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera and biostratigraphy, Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 23A.
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 23 Eds: Whitmarsh, R.B.Weser, O.E.Ross, D.A. p. 1001-1072

Kennett,J. and Srinivasan,M.S. (1983):
Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera - A Phylogenetic Atlas.

Bolli,H.M. and Saunders,J.B. (1985):
Oligocene to Holocene low latitude planktic foraminifers.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy Eds: Bolli, H.M.Saunders, J.B. p. 155-262

Spezzaferri,S. and Silva,I.S.. (1990):
Oligocene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoclimatic interpretation from Hole 538A, DSDP Leg 77, Gulf of Mexico . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Vol. 83 p. 217-263

Vincent,E. and Toumarkine,M. (1990):
Neogene planktonic foraminifers from the Western Tropical Indian Ocean, Leg 115.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 115 Eds: Duncan, R.A..Backman, J.Peterson, L.C. p. 795-836

Huber,B.T. (1991):
Paleogene and early Neogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy of Sites 738 and 744, Kerguelen Plateau (southern Indian Ocean).
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 119 Eds: Leckie, R.M.Sigurdsson, H.Acton, G.D.Draper, G. p. 427-449

Spezzaferri,S. and Premoli Silva,I. (1991):
Oligocene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoclimatic interpretation from Hole 538A, DSDP Leg 77, Gulf of Mexico . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Vol. 83 p. 217-263

Van Eijden,A.J.M. and Smit,J. (1991):
Eastern Indian Ocean Cretaceous and Paleogene quantitative biostratigraphy.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 121 Eds: Weissel, J.Peirce, J.Taylor, E.Alt, J. p. 77-123

Chaisson,W.P. and Leckie,R.M. (1993):
High-Resolution Planktonic Foraminifer Biostratigraphy of Site 806, Ontong Java Plateau (Western Equatorial Pacific).
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 130 Eds: Berger, W.H.Kroenke, L.W..Mayer, L.A..et al. p. 137-178

Spezzaferri,S. (1994):
Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and taxonomy of the Oligocene and lower Miocene in the oceanic record. An overview . Palaeontographia Italica Vol. 81 p. 187

Berggren,W.A.; Kent,D.V.; Swisher,C.C. and Aubry,M.P. (1995):
A revised Cenozoic Geochronology and Chronostratigraphy.
In: Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication Vol. 54

Chaisson,W.P. and d'Hondt,S.L. (2000):
Neogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy at Site 999, Western Caribbean Sea.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 165 Eds: Leckie, R.M.Sigurdsson, H.Acton, G.D.Draper, G. p. 19-56

Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006):
Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513
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