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Species Turborotalia pomeroli Toumarkine & Bolli 1970


Diagnosis / Definition:
Pearson et al. (2006):
DESCRIPTION. Type of wall: Smooth, normal perforate with cylindrical pustules around umbilicus, weakly cancellate on earlier chambers; tendency to defoliate. Test morphology: Large, high to moderate trochospiral, globular with 4 (rarely 5) chambers in the final whorl; chambers inflated, strongly radially compressed and appressed, increasing moderately in size, with final chamber commonly flattened in a radial direction and added high in the spiral, arching towards the umbilicus; dorsal sutures slightly curved, depressed; aperture a broad, often irregular arch in umbilical-extraumbilical position, sometimes extending almost to the periphery; occasionally an imperforate lip visible, but more commonly obscured by inward folding of the final chamber; umbilicus generally narrow; ventral sutures slightly curved, depressed; usually a weak tendency for either dextral or sinistral coiling. Size: Holotype length 0.51 mm, breadth 0.44 mm, height 0.34 mm.
Discussion / Comments:
Pearson et al. (2006):
DISTINGUlSHING FEATURES.- Turborotalia pomeroli is distinguished from T frontosa and T. possagnoensis by its more compressed chamber morphology, generally larger size and in having at least four chambers in the final whorl. DISCUSSION.- This species was described by Toumarkine and Bolli (1970) as an evolutionary intermediate in a lineage between T. possagnoensis and T. cerroazuelensis, but multivariate morphometric studies (P. N. Pearson, unpublished data) suggest a more complicated situation. Populations of T. pomeroli are highly variable in morphology and were apparently at the root of a substantial radiation in the middle Eocene. T. pomeroli intergrades with T. frontosa near the level of its first appearance (Zones E9-ElO), and at higher levels with T. altispiroides, T. cerroazulensis, T. increbescens and T. ampliapertura. Blow (1979) considered it as a junior synonym of Globorotalia centralis Cushman and Bermudez, and indeed the concept of centralis articulated by Blow and Banner (1962) and Blow (1969, 1979) accords closely with pomeroli. In our view, however, centralis is a synonym of cerroazulensis (see above). Globigerina subcorpulenta Khalilov, which was regarded by Blow (1979) as a junior synonym of Globorotalia centralis Cushman and Bermudez, has been viewed by W. A. Berggren (pers. comm.) as part of this study. Although poorly preserved, it is a potential senior synonym of pomeroli. Similarly, Globorotalia inflata Hussey is a poorly understood species that was dismissed by Blow (1979) as a secondary subjective homonym of Globigerina inflata (d'Orbigny) (both of which he placed in Globorotalia). This would not be the case if Hussey's taxon was found to be a Turborotalia, as seems likely from examination under light microscope (P. N. Pearson, observed 1997), in which case it might also be regarded as another senior synonym of pomeroli. Globorotalia pseudomayeri Bolli, 1957c is another species that may be a prior synonym. Blow (1979) recognized its turborotaliid affinities. A questionable further prior synonym that we have not studied is Globorotalia kiewensis Morozova. Wowever, as all four taxa have rarely been noticed, we recommend retaining pomeroli for stability of nomenclature. PHYLOGENETlC RELATIONSHIPS.- Evolved from Turborotalia frontosa in the middle Eocene and was ancestral to T cerroazulensis, T. altispiroides and T. increbescens. STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE.- Middle Eocene, upper Zone El1 to within Zone 15 (Toumarkine and Bolli, 1970). GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.- Cosmopolitian; probably the most abundant and widely distributed of all Turborotalia, being very well represented in both tropical and temperate regions. STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOBIOLOGY.- Recorded as having relatively negative ò18O by Boersma and others (1987) (as T. centralis). Similar data were presented by Pearson and others (2001), indicating a shallower habitat than co-occurring T. cerroazulensis.
Systematics:

1
 Superregnum Eukaryota
  Regnum Protoctista
   Phylum Ciliophora
    Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora
     Ordo Globigerinida
      Superfamilia Globorotaliaceae
       Superfamilia Nonionacea
        Familia Globorotaliidae
         Genus Turborotalia
          Species Turborotalia pomeroli

32
 Ordo Foraminiferida
  Familia Globorotaliidae
   Genus Turborotalia
    Species Turborotalia pomeroli

35
  Ordo Foraminiferida
   Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
    Familia Hedbergellidae
     Genus Turborotalia
      Species Turborotalia pomeroli
Synonym list:
Van Eijden & Smit (1991):
1970 Globorotalia cerroazulensis pomeroli Toumarkine & Bolli. - Toumarkine & Bolli : p.140 pl. 1, figs. 10-18; pl. 2, figs. 1-2, 11-19
1991 Turborotalia pomeroli Toumarkine & Bolli. - Van Eijden & Smit : p.114
Pearson et al. (2006):
1939 Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Howe : p.84 pl. 12; fig. 4-6 [Eocene, Cook Mountain Fm., Louisiana]
? 1943 Globorotalia inflata d'Orbigny. - Hussey : pl. 20; fig. 4-5 [Eocene, Cane River Fm., La Salle Parish, Louisiana]
? 1956 Globigerina subcorpulenta Khalilov. - Khalilov : p.248 pl. 4; fig. 5a-c [upper Eocene, Sovitabad, northern Azerbaijan]
? 1957 Globorotalia pseudomayeri Bolli. - Bolli : p.107 pl. 37; fig. 17a, b [middle Eocene, Hantkenina aragonensis Zone, Navet Fm., Trinidad]
1962 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Blow & Banner : p.117 pl. 12; fig. K-M [middle Eocene, Zone P15, Sample FCRM 1645, Lindi, Tanzania]
1969 Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Samanta : p.333 pl. 2; fig. 2a-c [upper Eocene, Kapili Fm., Assam, India]
1969 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Blow : p.346 pl. 36; fig. 1-2 [middle Eocene, Zone P15, Sample FCRM. 1645, Lindi, Tanzania]
p 1970 Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Samanta : pl. 1; fig. 18 [middle Eocene Orbulinoides beckmanni Zone, Lakhpat Cutch, India]; [Not Cushman and Bermudez, 1937]
1970 Globorotalia cerroazulensis pomeroli Toumarkine & Bolli. - Toumarkine & Bolli : p.140 pl. 1; fig. 10-18 [middle Eocene, Possagno area, northern Italy]
1970 Globorotalia possagnoensis Toumarkine & Bolli. - Toumarkine & Bolli : p.652 pl. 662; fig. 3 [middle Eocene Zone P14, DSDP Sample 516F-52-4, 61-63 cm, Rio Grande Rise, Southwest Atlantic Ocean]; [Not Toumarkine and Bolli, 1970]
1975 Globorotalia cerroazulensis pomeroli Toumarkine & Bolli. - Toumarkine : p.744 pl. 2; fig. 4-5 [middle Eocene Globorotalia lehneri Zone, DSDP Site 305, north-west Pacific Ocean]
1977 Globorotalia cerroazulensis pomeroli Toumarkine & Bolli. - Poore & Brabb : p.260 pl. 2; fig. 3-4 [middle Eocene Zone P14, San Lorenzo Fm., Santa Cruz Mountains, California]
non 1978 Globorotalia cerroazulensis pomeroli Toumarkine & Bolli. - Toumarkine : p.710 pl. 6; fig. 6-9 [middle and upper Eocene, DSDP Site 363, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean]; [=Turborotalia increbescens]
1979 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Blow : p. 1052-1054 pl. 36, fig. 1-2 (reillustration from Blow, 1969); pl. 173, fig. 9 [middle Eocene, Zone P11, Sample RS24, Kilwa, Tanzania]; pl. 190, fig. 1-5 [middle Eocene Zone P13, Sample RS. 311, Kilwa, Tanzania]; pl. 261, fig. 7-9 [middle Eocene Zone P13, Sample RS. 311, Kilwa, Tanzania, detail of organic pore linings] [Not Cushman and Bermudez, 1937]
1983 Globorotalia pomeroli Toumarkine & Bolli. - Pujol : p.652 pl. 662; fig. 3 [middle Eocene Zone P14, DSDP Hole 5 16F, Rio Grande Rise, Southwest Atlantic]
1985 Globorotalia cerroazulensis pomeroli Toumarkine & Bolli. - Snyder & Waters : p.460 pl. 3; fig. 9-11 [middle Eocene Zones P13-P14, DSDP Site 549, Goban Spur, North Atlantic Ocean]
1985 Turborotalia cerroazulensis pomeroli Toumarkine & Bolli. - Toumarkine & Luterbacher : p.137 fig. 34.9, 35.4-9 ( reillustrations from the literature)
1988 Turborotalia pomeroli Toumarkine & Bolli. - Poore & Bybell : p.21 pl. 1, fig. 9; pl. 2, fig. 8-9 [middle Eocene, Core ACGS#4, New Jersey]
1988 Turborotalia pomeroli Toumarkine & Bolli. - Coccioni et al. : pl. 1; fig. 1-3 [upper Eocene Zone P15, Massignano, Italy]
1988 Turborotalia possagnoensis Tourmarkine & Bolli. - Poore & Bybell : p.21 pl. 2; fig. 4-7 [middle Eocene, Core ACGS#4, New Jersey]; [Not Toumarkine and Bolli, 1970]
1994 Turborotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez. - Nishi & Chaproniere : p.260 pl. 3; fig. 16-18 [upper Eocene Zone P15-P16, ODP Hole X14B, Tonga Trench, South Pacific Ocean]; [Not Cushman and Bermudez, 1937]
1995 Turborotalia pomeroli Toumarkine & Bolli. - Poag & Commeau : pl. 5, fig. 16-17; pl. 6, fig. 2-3 [Eocene, Salisbury Embayment, Virginia]
2006 Turborotalia pomeroli Toumarkine & Bolli. - Pearson et al. : p.451 pl. 15.7; fig. 10-20 Pl. 15.7, Figs. 10-12: new SEMs of paratype of Globorotalia cerroazulensis pomeroli Toumarkine and Bolli)
Specimen:
Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Bale, Inventory number: 26578
References:

Howe,H.V. (1939):
Louisiana Cook Mountain Eocene Foraminifera. Louisiana Dep. Cons. . Geol. Surv. Bull. Vol. 14 p. 1-122

Hussey,K.M. (1943):
Distinctive new species of foraminifera from the Cane River Eocene of Louisiana . Journal of Paleontology Vol. 17 p. 70-167

Khalilov,D.M. (1956):
O pelagicheskoy faune foraminifer Paleogenovykh otlozheniy Azerbaydzhana . Trudy Instituta Geologii, Akademiya Nauk Azerbaydzhanskoy SSR Vol. 17

Bolli,H.M. (1957):
Planktonic Foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad, B.W.I. . Bull. U.S. natl. Mus. Vol. 215 p. 155-172

Blow,W.H. and Banner,F.T. (1962):
The Mid-Tertiary (Upper Eocene to Aquitanian) Globigerinaceae.
In: Fundamentals of Mid‑Tertiary Stratigraphical Correlation Eds: Eames, F.E.Banner, F.T.Blow, W.H.Clarke, W.J. p. 61‑151

Blow,W.H. (1969):
Late middle Eocene to Recent planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy.
In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Planktonic Microfossils, Geneva 1967 Vol. 1 Eds: Bronnimann, P.Renz, H.H. p. 199-422

Samanta,B.K. (1969):
Eocene planktonic foraminifera from the Gargo Hills, Assam, India . Micropalaeontology Vol. 15 p. 325-350

Samanta,B.K. (1970):
Middle Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera from Lakhpat, Cutch, Western India . Micropaleontology Vol. 16

Toumarkine,M. and Bolli,H.M. (1970):
Evolution de Globorotalia cerroazulensis (Cole) dans l'Eocene moyen et superieur de Possagno (Italie) . Revue de Micropaleontologie Vol. 13 p. 131-145

Toumarkine,M. (1975):
Middle and Late Eocene planktonic foraminifera from the northwestern Pacific, Leg 32 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project.
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 32 Eds: Larson, R.L.Moberly, R. p. 735-751

Poore,R.Z. and Brabb,E.E.. (1977):
Eocene and Oligocene planktonic foraminifera from the Upper Butano Sandstone and type San Lorenzo Formation, Santa Cruz Mountains, California . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 7 p. 249-272

Toumarkine,M. (1978):
Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Paleogene of Sites 360 to 364 and the Neogene of Sites 362A, 363, and 364 Leg 40.
In: Initial Results of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 40

Blow,W.H. (1979):
The Cainozoic Globigerinida. 3 Vols p. 1413 pp

Pujol,C. (1983):
Cenozoic Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Southwestern Atlantic (Rio Grande Rise): Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 72.
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 72 Eds: Barker, P.F.Johnson, D.A. p. 623-673

Toumarkine,M. and Luterbacher,H.P. (1985):
Paleocene and Eocene Planktic Foraminifera.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy p. 87-154

Snyder,S.W. and Waters,V.J. (1985):
Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Goban Spur region.
In: Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 80

Poore,R.Z. and Bybell,L.. (1988):
Eocene to Miocene biostratigraphy of New Jersey Core ACGS # 4: Implications for regional stratigraphy . U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1829 p. 1-22

Coccioni,R.; Monaco,P..; Monechi,S..; Nocchi,M. and Parisi,G.. (1988):
Biostratigraphy of the Eocene-Oligocene boundary at Massignano, (Ancona, Italy).
In: The Eocene-Oligocene boundary in the Umbria-Marche Basin (Italy): International Subcommission on Paleogene Stratigraphy, (Industrie Grafiche F.lli Anniballi, Ancona) Eds: Premoli Silva, I.Coccioni, R.Montanari, A.. p. 59-80

Van Eijden,A.J.M. and Smit,J. (1991):
Eastern Indian Ocean Cretaceous and Paleogene quantitative biostratigraphy.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 121 Eds: Weissel, J.Peirce, J.Taylor, E.Alt, J. p. 77-123

Nishi,H.. and Chaproniere,G.C.H. (1994):
Eocene-Oligocene subtropical planktonic foraminifers at Site 841.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 135 Eds: Hawkins, J..Parson, L..Allan, J..others p. 245-266

Poag,C.W.. and Commeau,J.A.. (1995):
Paleocene to middle Miocene planktic foraminifera of the southwestern Salisbury Embayment, Virginia and Maryland: biostratigraphy, allostratigraphy, and sequence stratigraphy . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 25 p. 134-155

Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006):
Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513
Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data
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