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Species Acarinina primitiva Finlay 1947


Diagnosis / Definition:
Pearson et al. (2006):
DESCRIPTION. Type of wall: Coarsely muricate, often with relatively smooth umbilical face to final chamber, normal perforate, nonspinose. Test morphology: Robust, compact, subquadrate, strongly and bluntly muricate test; 3-4 triangular-shaped chambers in last whorl); chambers arranged at distinct right angles to each other and usually separated by distinct and incised sutures (particularly between preantepenultimate and antepenultimate chambers) on the umbilical side; umbilicus narrow, deep; aperture asymmetrically placed at base of last chamber, intereriomarginal, umbilical-extraumbilical; high, smooth or beaded (but not muricate) face to final chamber above aperture; chambers on spiral side tangentially longer than broad; sutures curved, generally obscured by muricate ornament; peripheral margin subangular in edge view. Size: Maximum diameter of holotype 0.29 mm, thickness 0.26 mm.
Discussion / Comments:
Toumarkine & Luterbacher (1985):
The last whorl of the compact test has 3 to 4 somewhat compressed chambers which are longer than wide on the spiral side. The umbilicus is small, but deep. The aperture, which is umbilical to extraumbilical-umbilical in position has a distinct lip. The surface is covered with coarse blunt spines or pustules.
Jenkins (1985):
The small subquadrate test of A. primitiva distinguishes it from other Acarinina species. Because of this test shape it was placed in Pseudogloboquadrina by Jenkins (1966a). In New Zealand A. primitiva has a long range from the Late Paleocene to the Middle Eocene. A similar range was recorded at DSDP Leg 29 Site 277 south of New Zealand (Jenkins, 1975), and ranges of Middle Eocene at DSDP Leg 40 Site 360 and Late Paleocene to Early Eocene at Site 362 (Tournarkine, 1978).
Van Eijden & Smit (1991):
Remarks. See A. coalingensis (Cushman and Hanna, 1927).
Pearson et al. (2006):
DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.- Distinguished by triangular (broadly wedge-shaped) chambers; asymmetrically situated aperture resulting in distinct projection of umbilical face of last chamber over the umbilicus. Acarinina coalingensis has more rounded, inflated chambers than A. primitiva and lacks the straight, incised intercameral sutures on the umbilical side. DISCUSSION.- The outward, superficial morphologic similarity of the type species primitiva to that of the Neogene globoquadrinid form Globoquadrina dehiscens led Jenkins (1965b) to create the generic name Pseudogloboquadrina for Eocene morphotypes, but the morphology is similar to other Paleogene acarininids and this name is unnecessary (see also Blow, 1979, p. 950). Acarinina primitiva is the dominant acarininid in middle Eocene austral assemblages and its disappearance/extinction in the late middle Eocene (?Chron C18n) is a useful datum level for regional correlation. See discussion in Berggren and Norris (1 997, p. 69), Olsson and others (1999, p. 437) and above for A. coalingensis for further relevant data. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS.- This form descended from Acarinina coalingensis in the early Eocene by means of developing a more subquadrate test and concomitant sutural incision and chamber separation in the final whorl. STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE.- Zone E6 to Zone E13. Berggren and others (2000) recorded the lowest/earliest occurrence of A. primitiva in association with the lowest/ earliest A. coalingensis in Zone P4c and Chron C25r and C25n at DSDP Site 384 in the northwest Atlantic Ocean (see also compilation in Berggren and others, 1995, p. 155); we now regard these records as referable to A. coalingensis. The last occurrence datum has been fixed by Huber (1991) to lower Zone APl 1 at Sites 738 Kerguelen Plateau, by Stott and Kennett (l 990) to a level in mid-Chron C 18n at ODP Site 689 on Maud Rise and by Berggren (1992) to a level within/slightly above questionable Chron 18n at Site 748, Kerguelen Plateau, which is approximately equivalent to Zone E13 in the (sub)tropics. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.- Essentially temperate-high latitude (austral; South Indian Ocean and Subantarctic Ocean distribution; less commonly reported in low latitudes (Caribbean, Atlantic, Indo-Pacific). STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOBIOL0GY.- No data available.
Systematics:

1
 Superregnum Eukaryota
  Regnum Protoctista
   Phylum Ciliophora
    Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora
     Ordo Globigerinida
      Superfamilia Globorotaliaceae
       Superfamilia Nonionacea
        Familia Truncorotaloididae
         Genus Acarinina
          Species Acarinina primitiva

15
  Classis Foraminifera
   Genus Acarinina
    Species Acarinina primitiva

32
 Ordo Foraminiferida
  Familia Globorotaliidae
   Genus Acarinina
    Species Acarinina primitiva

35
  Ordo Foraminiferida
   Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
    Familia Truncorotaloididae
     Genus Acarinina
      Species Acarinina primitiva
Synonym list:
Toumarkine & Luterbacher (1985):
1947 Globoquadrina primitiva Finlay. - Finlay : p.291 pl 8 figs 129-134
1985 Acarinina primitiva Finlay. - Toumarkine & Luterbacher : p.115 figs 17.6-7 (type references)
Jenkins (1985):
1947 Globoquadrina primitiva Finlay. - Finlay : p.291 pl. 8, figs. 129-134
1985 Acarinina primitiva Finlay. - Jenkins : p.273 figs. 6.5; 5
Van Eijden & Smit (1991):
1947 Globoquadrina primitiva Finlay. - Finlay : p.291 pl. 8, figs. 12-17
1991 Acarinina primitiva Finlay. - Van Eijden & Smit : p.112
Pearson et al. (2006):
1947 Globoquadrina primitiva Finlay. - Finlay : p.291 pl. 8; fig. 129-134 [middle Eocene, G. index Zone, Hampden Beach Fm., South Island, New Zealand]
1952 Globigerina primitiva Finlay. - Brönnimann : p.11 pl. 1; fig. 10-12 [Trinidad; Soldado and Lizard Springs Fms]
1953 Globoquadrina primitiva Finlay. - Hornibrook : p.437 pl. 1; fig. 1 (reillustration from literature)
non 1957 Globigerina primitiva Finlay. - Bolli : p.71 pl. 15; fig. 6-8 [Gt. rex Zone, Trinidad]
1961 Globigerina primitiva Finlay. - Hornibrook : p.148 [middle Eocene, G. index Zone, Hampden Beach Fm., South Island, New Zealand]
non 1962 Globorotalia (Acarinina) primitiva Finlay. - Hillebrandt : p.141 pl. 14; fig. 2, 4 [Zone G, lower Eocene, Austria]; (=Acarinina coalingensis.)
1965 Globoquadrina primitiva Finlay. - Jenkins : p.269 pl. 1; fig. 1 (outline drawing of holotype)
1965 Pseudogloboquadrina primitiva Finlay. - Jenkins : p. 1124-1125 fig. 9; nos 81-86 (new illustrations of holotype and paratypes); [middle Eocene, New Zealand]
1971 Globigerina primitiva Finlay. - Postuma : p.154 7 figured specimens [middle Eocene Hampden Fm., Otago Province, South Island, New Zealand, lower Eocene]
1971 Pseudogloboquadrina primitiva Finlay. - Jenkins : p.170 pl. 18; fig. 555-557 (holotype refigured), 558-560 (paratype refigured), and 561 (other specimen) [middle Eocene, New Zealand]
non 1975 Globigerina primitiva Finlay. - Stainforth et al. : p.215 fig. 75.1 (reillustration from Bolli and others, 1957), fig. 75.2-3 [G. formosa formosa Zone, Lodo Fm., California]; (=Acarinina coalingensis)
1979 Globorotalia (Acarinina) primitiva Finlay. - Blow : p.949 pl. 143, fig. 6-9 [Zone P8b, lower Eocene, DSDP Site 20C, South Atlantic Ocean]; pl. 249, fig. 1-4 [topotypes, middle Eocene Hampden Fm., Otago Province, New Zealand]
1983 Pseudogloboquadrina primitiva Finlay. - Krasheninnikov & Basov : p.840 pl. 9; fig. 4-7 [middle Eocene, DSDP Hole 512, Ewing Bank, South Atlantic Ocean]
1990 Acarinina primitiva Finlay. - Stott & Kennett : p.559 pl. 6; fig. 11, 12 [Zone AP8, lower Eocene, ODP Hole 689B, Maud Rise, Weddell Sea, Antarctic Ocean]
1991 Acarinina primitiva Finlay. - Huber : p.439 pl. 3; fig. 1 [middle Eocene Zone AP10, ODP Site 738, Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean]
1992 Acarinina primitiva Finlay. - Berggren : p.563 pl. 2; fig. 4, 5 [Zone P6- 7, ODP Site 748, Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean]
1993 Acarinina primitiva Finlay. - Pearson et al. : pl. 1; fig. 19 [middle Eocene Zone Pll-P12, DSDP Hole 523, South Atlantic Ocean]
1993 Acarinina primitiva Finlay. - Lu & Keller : pl. 3; fig. 1, 2 [lower Eocene Zone AP7, ODP Hole 738C, Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean]
1995 Acarinina primitiva Finlay. - Basov : p.165 pl. 1; fig. 11-13 [ODP Hole 883B, Detroit Seamount, north-west Pacific Ocean; n.b: not recorded at this level in Table 1, p. 160]
2006 Acarinina primitiva Finlay. - Pearson et al. : p.304 pl. 9.17; fig. 1-16 (Pl. 9.16, Figs. 1-4: new SEMs of holotype and paratype of Globoquadrina primitiva Finlay)
Was used in synonym list of:
Acarinina coalingensis Cushman & Hanna 1927
Morozovella praeangulata Blow 1979
Specimen:
New Zealand Geological Survey Collection - Lower Hutt, New Zealand, Inventory number: TF 1264
References:

Finlay,H.J. (1947):
New Zealand foraminifera; key species in stratigraphy, No. 5 . New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology section B Vol. 28 p. 259-292

Brönnimann,P. (1952):
Trinidad Paleocene and lower Eocene Globigerinidae . Bulletins of American paleontology Vol. 34(143) p. 1-34

Hornibrook,N.B. (1953):
Faunal migrations to New Zealand; I - Immigration of foraminifera to New Zealand during the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary . New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 34(B 6) p. 436-444

Bolli,H.M. (1957):
The genera Globigerina and Globorotalia in the Paleocene-Lower Eocene Lizard Springs Formation of Trinidad, B.W.I . Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum Vol. 215 p. 61-82

Hornibrook,N. (1961):
Tertiary foraminifers from Oamaru District (N.Z.), Part 1.Systematics and distribution . New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin Vol. 34

Hillebrandt,v.A.. (1962):
Das Paleozän und seine Foraminiferenfauna im Becken von Reichenhall und Salzburg . Bayerische Akademie Wissenschaft, Mathematischen-Naturwissenschaften Klasse Vol. 108 p. 188 p.

Jenkins,D.G. (1965):
Planktonic foraminiferal zones and new taxa from the Danian to lower Miocene of New Zealand . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics Vol. 8(6) p. 1088-1288

Jenkins,D.G. (1965):
A re-examination of Globorotalia collactea Finlay, 1939 . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics Vol. 8 p. 843-848

Jenkins,D.G. (1971):
New Zealand Cenozoic Planktonic Foraminifera . New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin Vol. 42

Postuma,J.A. (1971):
Manual of Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 422 pp

Stainforth,R.M.; Lamb,J.L.; Luterbacher,H.P.; Beard,J.H. and Jeffords,R.M. (1975):
Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal zonation and characteristics of index forms . Paleontological ContributionsArticle 62 p. 425

Blow,W.H. (1979):
The Cainozoic Globigerinida. 3 Vols p. 1413 pp

Krasheninnikov,V.A. and Basov,I.A. (1983):
Cenozoic planktonic foraminifers of the Falkland Plateau and Argentine Basin, Deep Sea Drilling Projejt Leg 71.
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 71 Eds: Ludwig, W.J.Krasheninninov, V.A. p. 821-845

Jenkins,D.G. (1985):
Southern mid-latitude Paleocene to Holocene planktic foraminifera.
In: Plankton stratigraphy Eds: Bolli, H.M.Saunders, J.B.Perch-Nielsen, K. p. 263-282

Toumarkine,M. and Luterbacher,H.P. (1985):
Paleocene and Eocene Planktic Foraminifera.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy p. 87-154

Stott,L.D. and Kennett,J.P. (1990):
Antarctic Paleogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy:ODP Leg 113, Sites 689 and 690.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program Vol. 113

Huber,B.T. (1991):
Paleogene and early Neogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy of Sites 738 and 744, Kerguelen Plateau (southern Indian Ocean).
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 119 Eds: Leckie, R.M.Sigurdsson, H.Acton, G.D.Draper, G. p. 427-449

Van Eijden,A.J.M. and Smit,J. (1991):
Eastern Indian Ocean Cretaceous and Paleogene quantitative biostratigraphy.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 121 Eds: Weissel, J.Peirce, J.Taylor, E.Alt, J. p. 77-123

Berggren,W.A. (1992):
Paleogene Planktonic Foraminifera Magnetobiostratigraphy of the Southern Kerguelen Plateau (Sites 747-749).
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 120

Pearson,P.N.; Shackleton,N.J. and Hall,M.A. (1993):
The Stable Isotope Paleoecology of Middle Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera and Multi-species integrated Isotope Stratigraphy . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 23 p. 123-140

Lu,G. and Keller,G. (1993):
The Paleocene-Eocene Transition in the Antarctic Indian Ocean: Inference from Planktic Foraminifera . Marine Micropaleontology Vol. 21 p. 101-142

Basov,I.A. (1995):
Paleogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy of Sites 883 and 884, Detroit Seamount (Subarctic Pacific).
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 146 Eds: Rea, D.K.Basov, I.A.Scholl, D.W.Allan, J.F. p. 157-170

Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006):
Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513
Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data
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