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Species Orbulina universa d'Orbigny 1839


Diagnosis / Definition:
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983):
Test spherical composed of a single spherical chamber, final chamber entirely enveloping the early part of the test, which is usually reduced. In the adult, an internal Globigerina stage may be enveloped by the final spherical chamber. Surface densely perforate with numerous small openings of two distinct sizes
Discussion / Comments:
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983):
0. universa is nearly ubiquitous (50°N and S Lat.) in tropical, subtropical, and even the Subantarctic areas where it is less frequent. Be et al. (1973) observed that popu- lations with large tests and highest test porosities occur in tropical areas. Those with lower porosities and which decrease in mean test diameter occur in subtropical and Subantarctic waters.
Bolli & Saunders (1985):
The species normally has a completely spherical test which only shows the early chambers internally when broken, though the trace of some sutures may be picked out by small, circular, pore like apertures. Apertural pores are also widely scattered across the surface of the last chamber. The bilobate form 0. bilobata (d'Orbigny) is considered by some workers as a distinct genus and species but we believe it to be a variant of O. universa, which does not appear to have stratigraphic value.
Srinivasan (1975):
This species is distinguished from Orbulina suturalis by having no sutural apertures, and all the pore - porelike apertures spread over the last chamber.
Chaisson & Leckie (1993):
Remarks: The Zone N8/N9 boundary could not be established at this site because the first occurence of both Orbulina species was high in Hole 806B with respect to other published records (e.g., Kennett and Srinivasan, 1983; Berggren et al., 1985b), indicating paleoenvironmental rather than evolutionary controlling factors.
Synonym list:
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983):
1839 Orbulina universa d'Orbigny. - d'Orbigny : p.3 pl1 fig 1
Bolli & Saunders (1985):
1839 Orbulina universa d'Orbigny. - d'Orbigny : p.2 pl.1, fig.1
1985 Orbulina universa d'Orbigny. - Bolli & Saunders : p.200 figs. 23.1, 24.2, 7,9,11
Chaisson & Pearson (1997):
1839 Orbulina universa d'Orbigny. - d'Orbigny : p. 3 pl. 1, fig.1
Bolli (1957):
1949 Orbulina universa d'Orbigny. - Bermudez : p. 282 pl. 21, fig. 3
1951 Orbulina universa d'Orbigny. - Brönnimann : p. 134 pl. 4, fig. 1
1956 Orbulina universa d'Orbigny. - Blow : p. 66 text-fig. 2, Nos. 8-9
1957 Orbulina universa d'Orbigny. - Bolli : pl. 27, fig. 5
Srinivasan (1975):
1839 Orbulina universa d'Orbigny. - d'Orbigny : p.2 pl. 1; fig. 1
1975 Orbulina universa d'Orbigny. - Srinivasan : p.149 pl. 4; fig. 12
Vincent & Toumarkine (1990):
1839 Orbulina universa d'Orbigny. - d'Orbigny : p.3 pl.1, fig.1
1990 Orbulina universa d'Orbigny. - Vincent & Toumarkine : p.804
Chaisson & Leckie (1993):
1839 Orbulina universa d'Orbigny. - d'Orbigny : p.3 pl. 1; fig. 1
1983 Orbulina universa d'Orbigny. - Kennett & Srinivasan : p.86 pl. 20; fig. 4-6
References:

d'Orbigny,A.D. (1839):
Foraminifčres.
In: Histoire Physique, Politique et Naturelle de l'ile de Cuba2 (atlas vol 8 pls 1-12) Eds: de la Sagra, R. p. 1-224

Bermudez,P.J. (1949):
Tertiary smaller foraminifers of the Dominican Republic . Spec. Publ.Cushman Lab. Foraminiferal Res., Vol. 25 p. 1-322

Brönnimann,P. (1951):
Globigerinita naparimaensis n. gen., n. sp., from the Miocene of Trinidad, B. W. I. . Contr. Cushman Found. Foram. Res. Vol. 2(1) p. 16-18

Blow,W.H. (1956):
Origin and evolution of the foraminiferal genus Orbulina d'Orbigny . Micropaleontology Vol. 2(1) p. 57-70

Bolli,H.M. (1957):
Planktonic foraminifera from the Oligocene-Miocene Cipero and Lengua formations of Trinidad, B.W.I..
In: Studies in Foraminifery, Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum Vol. 215 Eds: Loeblich, A.R.Tappan, H.Beckmann, J.P.Bolli, H.M.Gallitelli, E.M.Troelsen, J.C. p. 97-123

Srinivasan,M.S. (1975):
Middle Miocene Planktonic Foraminifera from the Hut Bay Formation, Little Andaman Island, Bay of Bengal . Micropaleontology Vol. 21(2) p. 133-150

Kennett,J. and Srinivasan,M.S. (1983):
Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera - A Phylogenetic Atlas.

Bolli,H.M. and Saunders,J.B. (1985):
Oligocene to Holocene low latitude planktic foraminifers.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy Eds: Bolli, H.M.Saunders, J.B. p. 155-262

Vincent,E. and Toumarkine,M. (1990):
Neogene planktonic foraminifers from the Western Tropical Indian Ocean, Leg 115.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 115 Eds: Duncan, R.A..Backman, J.Peterson, L.C. p. 795-836

Chaisson,W.P. and Leckie,R.M. (1993):
High-Resolution Planktonic Foraminifer Biostratigraphy of Site 806, Ontong Java Plateau (Western Equatorial Pacific).
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 130 Eds: Berger, W.H.Kroenke, L.W..Mayer, L.A..et al. p. 137-178

Chaisson,W.P. and Pearson,P.N. (1997):
Planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy at Site 925: middle Miocene–Pleistocene.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 154 Eds: Shackleton, N.J.Curry, W.B.Richter, C.Bralower, T.J.
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