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Species Paragloborotalia griffinoides Olsson & Pearson 2006 | ||||||
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| Diagnosis / Definition: | ||||||
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Pearson et al. (2006): DESCRIPTION. Type of wall: Normal perforate, coarsely cancellate, sacculifer-type, spinose. Test morphology: Test very low trochospiral, globular, subquadrate in outline; chambers globular, much inflated, embracing; in spiral view 4, occasionally 4% globular, embracing chambers in ultimate whorl, increasing rapidly in size; sutures slightly depressed, straight; last 4 chambers make up about three-quarters of the test, ultimate chamber may be slightly reduced in size; in umbilical view 4, occasionally 41/2 globular, embracing chambers, increasing rapidly in size, sutures slightly depressed, straight; umbilicus very small opening, sometimes closed offby surrounding chambers; aperture umbilical-extraumbilical, bordered by a narrow, often thickened, continuous, lip; ultimate chamber may be slightly reduced in size; in edge view chambers globular, periphery rounded, aperture a high arch extending midway onto the peripheral edge, bordered by a thickened lip. Size: Maximum diameter of holotype 0.41 mm, minimum diameter 0.39 mm, maximum width 0.29 mm. |
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| Discussion / Comments: | ||||||
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Pearson et al. (2006): ETYMOLOGY.- Named because it is like, but not identical to, Parasubbotina griffinae (Blow). DlSTlNGUISHING FEATURES.- P. griffinoides is distinguished by its small, very low trochospiral, compact, subquadrate test, coarsely cancellate wall, and aperture with a thickened contiinuous lip. Parasubbotina varianta is more loosely coiled and its chambers are less embracing than in P griffinoides, leading to a more lobulate test. In P. griffinoides, the apertural lip is more uniform and constant in thickness than in P. varianta and other species of Parasubbotina. Parasubbotina griffinae differs from Paragloborotalia griffinoides in its generally larger test size, greater number of chambers in the ultimate whorl, and high porosity, reticulate wall. DISCUSSION.- When Blow (1979) described Globorotalia (Turborotalia) griffinae (=Parasubbotina griffinae) he selected the holotype and some paratypes from the same sample (KANE 9 Core 42,200 cm) from which he also illustrated Hastigerina? bolivariana (=Pseudoglobigerinella bolivariana). His case for regarding griffinae as ancestral to bolivariana is clear from the SEM illustrations of the two species (his pl. 150, figs. 1-9) as they both share a sacculifer-type reticulate wall texture. The illustration ofparatypes from other levels in KANE 9 Core 42 (his pl. 157, fig. 7, from 95 cm; pl. 162, figs. 8,9, from 42 cm; pl. 165, figs. 1-3, from 15 cm), however, clearly differ from the holotype and paratypes of the species illustrated from the type level of the holotype. These paratypes differ in having a more coarsely cancellate, non-reticulate wall texture and a thickened, continuous apertural lip. The test is more compact and subquadrate in shape, in contrast to P. griffinae. These morphotypes are the basis for the new species, Paragloborotalia griffinoides. Toumarkine and Luterbacher (1985) and Warraich and Ogasawara (2001) also included morphotypes like these in griffinae (which were placed by them in Turborotalia, fig. 27: 19- 23 and fig. 5: 13, 14,18, respectively). P. griffinoides is a common and widespread form in the Eocene and its stratigraphic range is from lower to upper Eocene. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS.- The genus Paragloborotalia arose through the development of P. griffnoides from Parasubbotina varianta in Zone PS. The close relationship of P griffinoides and P. varianta is clearly seen in specimens from Zone El in the Bass River Borehole, New Jersey (Pls. 5.7 and 5.13). The two species are linked by transitional morphotypes that show a range of test morphology from the inflated, compact, subquadrate test of P. griffinoides to the more loosely coiled, less inflated test of P. varianta. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.- P. griffinoides seems to have preferred cold-water high productivity environments and is generally absent from deep-sea oligotrophic settings. STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOBIOLOGY.- Recorded (as P. wilsoni) by Pearson and others (2001) with consistently positive ò18O and strongly depleted ò13C indicating a deep planktonic habitat. |
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| Systematics: | ||||||
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35 Ordo Foraminiferida Superfamilia Globigerinaceae Familia Globigerinidae Genus Paragloborotalia Species Paragloborotalia griffinoides |
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| Synonym list: | ||||||
| Pearson et al. (2006): 1957 Globorotalia bolivariana Petters. - Bolli : p.169 pl. 37; fig. 14a-16 [Porticulasphaera mexicana Zone, Navet Fm.,
Trinidad]. [Not Petters, 1954.]
1972 Subbotina bolivariana Petters. - McKeel & Lipps : p.85 pl. 1; fig. 1a-c [middle Eocene, Tulee Fm., Coast
Ranges, Oregon]. [Not Petters, 1954.]
1977 Globorotaloides wilsoni Cole. - Poore & Brabb : p.263 pl. 2; fig. 10-13 [middle Eocene Zone E13, Twobar Shale
Member, San Lorenzo Fm., Santa Cruz mountains,
California]. [Not Cole, 1 927.]
p 1979 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) griffinae Blow. - Blow : p.1072 pl. 157, fig. 7 [Zone E8, KANE 9-Core 42,
Endeavour seamount, equatorial Atlantic Ocean];
pl. 162, fig. 8-9 [Zone E8, KANE 9-Core 42, Endeavour seamount, equatorial Atlantic Ocean];
pl. 165, fig. 1-3 [Zone E8, KANE 9-C piston core, Endeavour seamount, equatorial Atlantic Ocean] [Not Blow, 1979.]
1985 Turborotalia griffininae Blow. - Toumarkine & Luterbacher : p.127 fig. 27: 18 (reillustration of Blow 1979, pl. 165, fig. 2);
fig. 27: 19-23 [Middle Eocene, Bou Arada, Tunisia.] [Not Blow, 1979.]
1988 Globorotalia nana Bolli. - Poore & Bybell : p.18 pl. 5; fig. 9 [upper Eocene, Core ACGS # 4, New Jersey Coastal
Plain]. [Not Bolli, 1957b.]
1995 "Hastigerina" bolivariana Petters. - Poag & Commeau : p.144 pl. 4; fig. 22, 23 [middle Eocene, Hammond
core, Maryland]. [Not Petters, 1954.]
2001 Turborotalia griffininae Blow. - Warraich & Ogasawara : p.23 fig. 5: 13, 14, 18 [Zone E10-12, Kirthar Fm., Sulaiman
Range, Pakistan]. [Not Blow, 1979.]
2006 Paragloborotalia n sp. griffinoides Olsson & Pearson. - Pearson et al. : p.85 pl. 5.7; fig. 1-19 (Pl. 5.7, Figs. 4-6: reillustration of paratypes of
Globorotalia (Turborotalia) griffinae Blow)
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| Specimen: | ||||||
| Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., Inventory number: USNM 523424 |
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| References: | ||||||
Bolli,H.M. (1957): McKeel,D.R.. and Lipps,J.H. (1972): Poore,R.Z. and Brabb,E.E.. (1977): Blow,W.H. (1979): Toumarkine,M. and Luterbacher,H.P. (1985): Poore,R.Z. and Bybell,L.. (1988): Poag,C.W.. and Commeau,J.A.. (1995): Warraich,M.Y.. and Ogasawara,K.. (2001): Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006): |
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| Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data | ||||||
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