Acarinina topilensis Cushman 1925 (TaxonConcept

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Species Acarinina topilensis Cushman 1925

Diagnosis / Definition:

Pearson et al. (2006):
DESCRIPTION. Type of wall: Strongly muricate, nonspinose, normal perforate. Test morphology: Subquadrate, lobulate peripheral outline; 3 1/2-4 1/2 chambers on umbilical side, increasing rapidly in size, laterally angulate, ante- and penultimate chamber(s) strongly flattened along peripheral margin giving distinctly cuneate or mitriform shape; sutures strongly incised, radial and straight to weakly curved depending on degree of compression of adjacent chambers resulting in disjunctlincised chamber separation; umbilicus narrow, deep; aperture a raised, umbilical-extraumbilical arch bordered by a thin lip; approximately 10 chambers in 2-2 1/2 whorls on spiral side; chambers elongate, lunate/semicircular, last chamber often wedge shaped/cuneate; sutures curved, depressed; peripheral margin marked by concentration of (on some individuals large, blunt) muricae; "supplementary" apertures, bordered by raised rims, visible along spiral suture margin(s); planoconvex in edge view; early chambers of last whorl subrounded to subacute, (pen)ultimate chambers strongly anguloconical. Size: Maximum diameter of holotype 0.34 mm, thickness 0.24 mm.

Discussion / Comments:

Pearson et al. (2006):
DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.- Distinguished by its distinctly inflated, anguloconical, 'truncorotaloid' chambers and strongly compressed, angulate and disjunct (ante)penultimate chamber(s) rimmed by thick, blunt circum-cameral muricocarinae and sutural "supplementary" apertures on spiral side. DISCUSSION.- Originally described from the middle Eocene of Mexico, this taxon has since been shown to have an essentially global (sub)tropical distribution. With its distinctly angulo-conical test, disjunct (ante)penultimate chamber margins, wedgelcuneate shaped and strongly muricate terminal chamber(s), "supplementary" apertures along spiral sutural margins and relatively short stratigraphic range, it is one of the most distinctive middle Eocene taxa. The main question regarding this taxon is its ancestry which bears in turn upon the limits of variability and stratigraphic range of possible ancestral morphotypes. Blow (1979, p. 1043-1045) created the taxon G. (T.) topilensis praetopilensis (said to have evolved from Acarinina pseudotopilensis) and viewed it as directly ancestral to topilensis. Differentiation was made primarily on the basis of the more involute coiling pattern, smaller umbilicus, less well developed murical ornament along the peripheral margin of the later chambers, and less well developed/pronounced chamber separation in the (ante)penultimate chambers. Pearson (1990) and Pearson and others (1993, p. 124) viewed the evolution of this taxon in a similar fashion except that pseudotopilensis, rather than Blow's praetopilensis, was viewed as the direct ancestor of topilensis. Reference to Pearson and others (1993, pl. 1, figs. 13- 15) shows that their concept of pseudotopilensis is closer to Blow's (1979, pl. 178, figs. 6-9; pl. 169, figs. 1-7, 9, and, in particular, 8 [=holotype] praetopilensis andlor Acarinina mcgowrani n. sp., are distinctly different from Subbotina's (1953, pl. 21, figs. 8a-c [=holotype], 9a-c; pl. 22, figs. la-2c) pseudotopilensis from the Zone of conical globorotaliids (=Zones P6b-8 of Berggren and others, 1995). Pearson (1990) made the observation that the strongly anguloconical (truncorotaloid) character of the last chamber arises only in fully adult specimens (being absent in smaller size fractions) so that when the last chamber is lost or broken this taxon is indistingushable from 'pseudotopilensis". (We would agree except that we believe it is with praetopilensis that differentiation should be made.) The taxon pseudotopilensis has its FAD in Zone El and does not range into stratigraphic levels as high as Zones P1 1-12 (=E9-1 I) from which "pseudotopilensis" of Pearson and others (1993) was illustrated. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS.- Evolved from Acarininapraetopilensis in E1 0 and gave rise to A. rohri. STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE.- Zone E1 0 to mid Zone E12. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.- Widely distributed in the Caribbean, North and South Atlantic, Indo-Pacific and Tethyan/Mediterranean regions; rare in North Caucasus sections. STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOBIOLOGY- Oxygen and carbon isotope evidence suggests a mixed layer habitat (Pearson and others, 2001). Boron isotope data (Pearson and Palmer, 1999) supports this interpretation.

Systematics:

35
Ordo Foraminiferida
  Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
   Familia Truncorotaloididae
    Genus Acarinina
     Species Acarinina topilensis

Synonym list:

Pearson et al. (2006):

1925 Globigerina topilensis Cushman. - Cushman : p.7 pl. 1; fig. 9a-c [middle Eocene, Tantoyuca Fm., Vera Cruz, Mexico]

1939 Globigerina topilensis Cushman. - Howe : p.84 pl. 12; fig. 1-3 [middle Eocene, Claiborne 1 Cook Mountain Fm., Louisiana]

1955 Globigerina topilensis Cushman. - Weiss : p. 309, 310 pl. 2; fig. 16, 17 [middle Eocene, Chira Fm., Verdun- Chira Group, north-west Peru]

1957 Truncorotaloides topilensis Cushman. - Bolli : p.170 pl. 39; fig. 13-16b [middle Eocene Porliculasphaera mexicana Zone, Navet Fm., Trinidad]

1959 Globigerina topilensis Cushman. - Hamilton & Rex : p.792 pl. 252; fig. 17, 21 [middle Eocene, Sylvania Guyot, Marshall Islands, west Pacific Ocean]

1961 Pseudogloborotalia topilensis Cushman. - Bermudez : p. 1348-1349 pl. 16; fig. 12 [middle Eocene, Oriente Province, Cuba]

1962 Truncorotaloides topilensis Cushman. - Saito : p. 215-216 pl. 33; fig. 8a-c [middle Eocene, Haha-Jima, Bonin Islands, western Pacific Ocean]

1962 Globorotalia topilensis Cushman. - Aubert : p. 60-61 pl. 4; fig. 5a-c [middle Eocene, Sidi-Ameur-el-Hadi, Northern Morocco]

1970 Truncorotaloides topilensis Cushman. - Samanta : pl. 3; fig. 22-23 [middle Eocene Orbulinoides beckmanni Zone, Lakhpat, India]

1971 Truncorotaloides topilensis Cushman. - Postuma : p.234 fig. on p. 235 [middle Eocene Navet Fm., Trinidad]

1971 Truncorotaloides topilensis Cushman. - Jenkins : p.136 text-fig. 388-391 [middle Eocene Globigerapsis index Zone, Hampden Beach section, South Island, New Zealand]

1972 Truncorotaloides topilensis Cushman. - Samuel : p.201 pl. 55; fig. 4a-5c [middle Eocene, Bakony Mountains, Hungary]

1975 Truncorotaloides topilensis Cushman. - Toumarkine : p.738 pl. 743; fig. 12 [middle Eocene Globorotalia lehneri Zone, DSDP Site 3 13, South Atlantic Ocean]

1975 Truncorotaloides topilensis Cushman. - Stainforth et al. : p.234 text-fig. 91.1a-4 (reillustration of Bolli, 1957b, pl. 39: figs. 13-16c)

1977 Truncorotaloides topilensis Cushman. - Berggren : p. 262-263 chart-no. 12 (reillustration of specimens from literature)

1977 Truncorotaloides libyaensis El Khoudary. - El Khoudary : p.330 pl. 2; fig. 1 [middle Eocene, Libya]

1979 Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) topilensis Cushman. - Blow : p. 1041-1043 pl. 193, fig. 1-9; pl. 207, fig. 3, 4 [middle Eocene Zone P13, Sample RS. 31 1, Kilwa area, Tanzania]

1983 Truncorotaloides topilensis Cushman. - Pujol : p.642 pl. 5; fig. 10-11 [middle Eocene Zone Pll-12, DSDP Hole 516F, Rio Grande Rise, South Atlantic Ocean]

1985 Truncorotaloides topilensis Cushman. - Snyder & Waters : p.443 pl. 5; fig. 13-15 [middle Eocene Zone P1 3, DSDP Hole 548A, north-east Atlantic Ocean]

1985 Truncorotaloides libyaensis El Khoudary. - Toumarkine & Luterbacher : p.132 fig. 32.4-6 (reillustration of type series); 33.8-9 [middle Eocene, Beni Mazar, Nile Valley, Egypt, from Boukhary, Toumarkine and Khalifa, 1982]

1991 Truncorotaloides topilensis Cushman. - Miller et al. : [upper Eocene Zone P1 5 (reworked), DSDP Site 612, New Jersey continental slope, north-west Atlantic Ocean]

2006 Acarinina topilensis Cushman. - Pearson et al. : p.315 pl. 9.22; fig. 1-16 (PI. 9.22, Figs. 1-3: new SEMs of holotype of Globigerina topilensis Cushman)

Specimen:

Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., Inventory number: USNM CC 4335

References:

Cushman,J.A. (1925):
An Eocene fauna from the Moctezuma River, Mexico. . Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Vol. 9 p. 298-303

Howe,H.V. (1939):
Louisiana Cook Mountain Eocene Foraminifera. Louisiana Dep. Cons. . Geol. Surv. Bull. Vol. 14 p. 1-122

Weiss,L. (1955):
Foraminifera from the Paleocene Pale Greda Formation of Peru . Journal of Paleontology Vol. 29 p. 1-21

Bolli,H.M. (1957):
Planktonic Foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad, B.W.I. . Bull. U.S. natl. Mus. Vol. 215 p. 155-172

Hamilton,E.L. and Rex,R.W. (1959):
Lower Eocene phosphatized Globigerina ooze from Sylvania buyot. . U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper p. 785-798

Bermudez,P.J. (1961):
Contribucion al estudio de las Globigerinidea de la region Caribe-Antillana (Paleocene-Reciente).
In: Boletino Geologia (Venezuela), Special Publicacion Vol. 3

Aubert,J.. (1962):
Les Globorotalia de la region prerifaine (Maroc septentrional) . Notes et Memoires du Service Geologique Maroc Vol. 22 p. 1-156

Saito,T. (1962):
Eocene planktonic foraminifera from Hahajima (Hillsborough Island) . Trans. Proc. Paleontol. Soc. Japan, news series Vol. 45 p. 209-225

Samanta,B.K. (1970):
Middle Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera from Lakhpat, Cutch, Western India . Micropaleontology Vol. 16

Jenkins,D.G. (1971):
New Zealand Cenozoic Planktonic Foraminifera . New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin Vol. 42

Postuma,J.A. (1971):
Manual of Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 422 pp

Samuel,O.. (1972):
New species of planktonic foraminifers from the Paleogene of the west Carpathian in Slovakia (Czechoslovakia) . Zbornik Geologick"ck Vied Západné Karpaty Vol. 17 p. 165-221

Toumarkine,M. (1975):
Middle and Late Eocene planktonic foraminifera from the northwestern Pacific, Leg 32 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project.
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 32 Eds: Larson, R.L.Moberly, R. p. 735-751

Stainforth,R.M.; Lamb,J.L.; Luterbacher,H.P.; Beard,J.H. and Jeffords,R.M. (1975):
Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal zonation and characteristics of index forms . Paleontological ContributionsArticle 62 p. 425

El Khoudary,R.H.. (1977):
Truncatulinoides libyaensis, a new planktonic foraminifer from Jabal Al Akhdar (Libya) . Revista Espanol de Micropaleontologia Vol. 9 p. 327-336

Berggren,W.A. (1977):
Atlas of Paleogene planktonic foraminifera. Some species of the genera Subbotina, Planorotalites, Morozovella, Acarinina and Truncorotaloides.
In: Oceanic Micropaleontology Eds: Ramsay, A.T.S. p. 205-299

Blow,W.H. (1979):
The Cainozoic Globigerinida. 3 Vols p. 1413 pp

Pujol,C. (1983):
Cenozoic Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Southwestern Atlantic (Rio Grande Rise): Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 72.
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 72 Eds: Barker, P.F.Johnson, D.A. p. 623-673

Toumarkine,M. and Luterbacher,H.P. (1985):
Paleocene and Eocene Planktic Foraminifera.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy p. 87-154

Snyder,S.W. and Waters,V.J. (1985):
Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Goban Spur region.
In: Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 80

Miller,K.G.; Berggren,W.A.; Zhang,J.. and Palmer-Julson,A.A.. (1991):
Biostratigraphy and Isotope Stratigraphy of Upper Eocene microtektites at Site 61 2: How many impacts? . Palaios Vol. 6 p. 17-38

Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006):
Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513

Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data

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