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Species Tenuitella insolita Jenkins 1966


Diagnosis / Definition:
Pearson et al. (2006):
DESCRIPTION. Type of wall: Microperforate, monolamellar, surface smooth to finely pustulose, pustules irregularly scattered on umbilical and spiral sides of test. Test morphology: Test small, subquadrate to subcircular and lobate in axial view, equatorial margin rounded; chambers inflated to subglobular, coiled in a moderate trochospire, sometimes becoming nearly planispiral in the final whorl, increasing gradually in size, 4-6 in the final whorl; sutures depressed, curved on the spiral side, radial on umbilical side; umbilicus small; aperture in early chambers subcircular to circular (Pl. 16.5, Fig. 10), in adult final chambers it is a distinct, high, sometimes triangular arch that may be aligned with the equatorial periphery (e.g., P1. 16.5, Figs. 5, 12) or offset toward the umbilicus (Pl. 16.5, Figs. 2, 8, 17). Size: Holotype maximum diameter: 0.16 mm, breadth 0.10 mm. Hypotype maximum diameter 0.19 mm, breadth 0.1 0 mm.
Discussion / Comments:
Pearson et al. (2006):
DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.- Distinguished from other tenuitellids by its highly arched and narrow aperture and smooth test surface. DISCUSSION- Li and Radford (1992) and Li and others (1 995) distinguished T. impariapertura Li from T. insolita by suggesting the latter species has a more circular test, a more convex dorsal side, and a narrower umbilicus. Given that Jenkins's (1966) type illustrations shows a triangular to highly arched aperture in his holotype and paratype illustrations, and in light of the morphological variability of specimens illustrated on Plate 16.5, we consider impariapertura to be a junior synonym of insolita. Some of the specimens identified as Praetenuitella patefacta by Li and others (1995, pl. 4, figs. 1-3) exhibit triangular, highly arched apertures that are nearly centered on the equatorial peripheral plane and are therefore here designated as T. insolita. Poorly preserved upper Eocene specimens identified as Globorotalia insolita by Jenkins and Orr (1972) from DSDP Site 77B (eastern Equatorial Pacific) are considered misidentified as the presence of elongate umbilical flaps, axially compressed tests with a weakly lobate equatorial periphery are not characteristic. We are uncertain of the species identity of their illustrated specimens. Dissected specimens of T. insolita (e.g., PI. 16.5, Fig. 10) reveal that a highly arched aperture rimmed by a narrow lip is present in all final whorl chambers in adult specimens. This dissected specimen also shows that the wall microstructure is monolamellar, as observed in the wall of T. praegemma (Pl. 16.6, Fig.9) and T. gemma (Pl. 16.7, Fig. 15). PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS.- The suggestion by Li and others (1995) that T. insoliter (=Praetenuitella impariapertura Li) descended directly from Pseudohastigerina is rejected since the latter species is planispiral and normal perforate whereas T. insolita is trochospiral and microperforate. Li and McGowran (l996) observed that Teniutella insolita shares a number of morphological features with Cassigerinella eocaenica ( C. winniana in their study) including a smooth, microperforate wall structure, minute test size, and high, narrowly arched aperture, but it differs in having a low trochospiral rather than a biserially enrolled coiling mode. The possible relationship between these two species needs further study and other phylogenetic hypotheses for the origin of the tenuitellids need to be explored. Tenuitella praegemma and T. patefacta probably evolved from T. insolita during the latest Eocene. STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE.- Upper Eocene Zone E 15; nominate species for the T. insolia Taxon Range Zone (Zone AE9) at southern high latitudes(Huber and Quillévéré, 2005). Originally described from the Port Elizabeth section in New Zealand where it ranges from just above the extinction of Acarinina collactea to just below the extinction of Globigerinatheka spp. (Jenkins, 1971). In the Ocean View Borehole (New Jersey Coastal Plain) the lowest occurrence of T. insolita was recorded within the upper 30 feet of the 200 Soot stratigraphic range of Globigerinatheka index (Miller and others, 2003). GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.- Originally described from the Port Elizabeth section (upper Eocene) in New Zealand; also identified in upper Eocene sequences in southern Australia (McGowran, 1987), Japan (Kaiho, 1984), southern South Atlantic Ocean (ODP Site 703; Nocchi and others, 1991) and southern Indian Ocean (ODP Sites 737, 738C, 747 and 749; Huber, 1991; Li and others, 1992). At low latitudes reported from the equatorial Pacific (DSDP Site 77; Jenkins and Orr, 1972) and central Pacific Ocean (DSDP Site 321; Quilty, 1976). STABLE, ISOTOPE PALEOBIOL0GY.- An oxygen and carbon isotope cross-plot showing values from T. insolita relative to those from co-occurring benthic and planktonic species is presented in Figure 163 for an upper Eocene (~Zone F15-16) sample from Cape May, New Jersey. These data suggest that T. insolita was a relatively deep dwelling planktonic species that either preferred living within the oxygen minimum zone of the water column or had a considerable vital effect causing preferential fractionation of the lighter carbon isotope. The carbon and oxygen isotope values of T. insolita are near those of Dipsidripella danvillensis, suggesting that these species had similar ecological ecological and/or vital effect offset from equilibrium fractionation. REPOSITORY.- Holotype and paratypes deposited in the Geological and Nuclear Research Institute, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
Systematics:

35
 Ordo Foraminiferida
  Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
   Familia Cassigerinellidae
    Genus Tenuitella
     Species Tenuitella insolita
Synonym list:
Pearson et al. (2006):
1966 Globorotalia insolita Jenkins. - Jenkins : p.1120 fig. 13, nos 113-118 [upper Eocene, Port Elizabeth, New Zealand]
1971 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) insolita Jenkins. - Jenkins : p.118 pl. 12; fig. 309-314 [upper Eocene, Port Elizabeth, New Zealand]
non 1972 Globorotalia insolita Jenkins. - Jenkins & Orr : pl. 25; fig. 3-8 [=Tenuitella? sp.]
1987 Praetenuitella impariapertura Li. - Li : p.309 pl. 1, fig. 1-5; text-fig. 6 [upper Eocene, Jackson Group, Clarke County, Mississippi]
1991 Praetenuitella insolita Jenkins. - Huber : pl. 7; fig. 9, 10 [upper Eocene Zone AP12, ODP Hole 738B, Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean]
1991 Praetenuitella insolita Jenkins. - Nocchi et al. : p.269 pl. 4; fig. 24-26 [upper Eocene, ODP Hole 703A, South Atlantic Ocean]
1992 Praetenuitella insolita Jenkins. - Li & Radford : p.578 pl. 1; fig. 1-3 [upper Eocene, ODP Hole 749B, Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Occan]
1995 Praetenuitella insolita Jenkins. - Li et al. : p.132 pl. 3; fig. 1-7, 9, 10 [upper Eocene, Brown's Creek Fm., Otway Basin, southern Australia]
1995 Praetenuitella impariapertura Li. - Poag & Commeau : p.155 pl. 9; fig. 16-17 [Upper Eocene Zone P15, U.S. Geological Survey Exmore Core, Virgina Coastal Plain]
1995 Praetenuitella patefacta Li. - Li et al. : p.127 pl. 4; fig. 1-3 [upper Eocene, ODP Hole 749B, Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean]; [Not Li, 1987]
2006 Tenuitella insolita Jenkins. - Pearson et al. : p.492 pl. 16.5; fig. 1-20
References:

Jenkins,D.G. (1966):
Planktonic foraminiferal zones and new taxa from the Danian to lower Miocene of New Zealand. . N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. Vol. 8 p. 1088-1126

Jenkins,D.G. (1971):
New Zealand Cenozoic Planktonic Foraminifera . New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin Vol. 42

Jenkins,D.G. and Orr,W.N. (1972):
Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the eastern equatorial Pacific—DSDP Leg 9.
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 9 Eds: Hays, J.D.et al. p. 1059-1193

Li,Q. (1987):
Origin, phylogenetic development and systematic taxonomy of the Tenuitella plexus (Globigerinitidae Globigerininina) . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 17 p. 298-320

Nocchi,M.; Amici,E. and Premoli Silva,I. (1991):
Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy and Paleoenvironmental Interpretation of Paleocene Faunas from the Subantartic Transect, Leg 114.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 114 Eds: Ciesielski, P.F.Kristoffersen, Y.Al, E. p. 233-279

Huber,B.T. (1991):
Paleogene and early Neogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy of Sites 738 and 744, Kerguelen Plateau (southern Indian Ocean).
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 119 Eds: Leckie, R.M.Sigurdsson, H.Acton, G.D.Draper, G. p. 427-449

Li,Q. and Radford,S.S.. (1992):
Morphology and affinity of the planktonic foraminifer Cassigerinelloita amekiensis Stolk and reclassification of Cassigerinelloita Stolk.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Ocean Drilling Program Vol. 120 Eds: Wise, J.S.W..Schlich, R..and others p. 595-602

Poag,C.W.. and Commeau,J.A.. (1995):
Paleocene to middle Miocene planktic foraminifera of the southwestern Salisbury Embayment, Virginia and Maryland: biostratigraphy, allostratigraphy, and sequence stratigraphy . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 25 p. 134-155

Li,Q.; McGowran,B. and Boersma,A. (1995):
Early Palaeocene Parvularuglobigerina and late Eocene Praetenuitella; does evolutionary convergence imply similar habitat? . Journal of Micropalaeontology Vol. 14 p. 119-134

Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006):
Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513
Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data
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