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Species Morozovella aragonensis Nuttall 1930


Diagnosis / Definition:
Pearson et al. (2006):
DESCRIPTION. Tvpe of wall: Muricate, nonspinose, normal perforate. Test morphology: Test periphery nearly circular, weakly lobulate, planoconvex; 5-7 chambers in last whorl, triangular and inflated on umbilical side, trapezoidal to lozenge shaped on spiral side as a function of the strong curvature of intercameral sutures which are raised or flush with test surface, muricateheaded and forming distinct, acute angle with periphery; intercameral sutures staight to slightly sinuous and moderately depressed on umbilical side; umbilicus narrow, deep, and rimmed by rounded tips at circumumbilical chamber confluence; blunt-tipped muricae scattered over chambers of last whorl on umbilical side; terminal chamber generally smooth; stronglthick peripheral muricocarina; early chambers strongly muricate obscuring early whorl(s); muricae on early whorl(s) of test preclude accurate estimate of number of chambers and whorls on test; probably about 12- 1 5 in about 3 whorls; in edge view umbilico-convex; spiral side flat or nearly so; primary aperture a low, umbilical-extraumbilical arch extending to peripheral margin. Size: Lectotype dimension(s): not given by Cifelli and Belford (1977); average diameter: 0.6 mm (Nuttall, 1930, p. 288).
Discussion / Comments:
Toumarkine & Luterbacher (1985):
The test is rather tightly coiled and has 5 to 7 chambers in the last whorl. The periphery is almost circular and displays a distinct 'keel'. the sutures on the spural side are flush or slightly raised and form a distinctive, abrupt angle with the peripheral 'keel'. Morozovella aragonensis differs from M. lensiformis mainly by the larger number of chambers in the last whorl, the almost circular periphery and the heavier 'keel'.
Van Eijden & Smit (1991):
Remarks. This robust, easily identifiable species is a useful indicator of the lower half of the middle Eocene, even though it is usually rare.
Pearson et al. (2006):
DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.- This taxon is characterized by its tightly coiled, nearly circular test (giving the appearance of a truncated cone), narrow umbilicus, distinctly trapezoidal chambers on spiral side and strongly developed muricae on the early chambers. DISCUSSION.- Nuttall (1930) did not designate a holotype for this species when he described it from the lower-middle Eocene Aragon Formation of Mexico. In an examination of various species of Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal taxa in the collections of the USNM, Cifelli and Belford (1977, p. 102, 103, pl. l, figs. 7-9) designated one (PP 64893) of 5 paralectotypes in Nuttall's original material (No. CC59499) as lectotype and provided a detailed description of its morphologic characters. The taxonomic characters of M. aragonensis were also discussed by Blow (1979, p. 990-993) who also attempted to designate a lectotype (USNM 59500) for the taxon. However, there is some confusion regarding Blow's actions in this respect. There is also considerable confusion over Blow's action in its own right because he did not adequately identify the collection number of the desired specimen. Blow (1979, p. 990) stated that Nuttall (l 930) had "only selected two cotypes which were deposited in the Cushman Collection (numbers 59500 and 59499). The writer here selects the specimen registered as Cushman Collection no. 59500 as lectotype of the taxon Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall 1930; this specimen is believed to be the one figured by Nuttall in dorsal and ventral views, on his plate 24, figs. 10 and l l.. ." However, we have been able to verify (Brian Huber, personal communication to WAB November 11/12,2002) that there are currently 4 paralectotype specimen's in Nuttall's original CC59499 slide and 14 specimens in CC 59500! Since Cifelli and Belford selected a lectotype from a slide with 5 specimens it must have come from CC 59499. The mystery remains why Blow (1979, p. 990) stated that Nuttall (1930) had deposited only two "cotypes " in the Cushman Collections. We suspect the answer may lie somewhere in the following: 1) Blow (1979, p. 990) may have chosen his lectotype without actually viewing the slide(s) in question at the USNM; 2) Blow (1979, p. 990) selected what he believed to be a single specimen illustrated by Nuttall (1930, pl. 24, figs. 10,11) to serve as the lectotype of Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall; 3) he would have considered that figures 6-8, pl. 24 in Nuttall (1 930) were three views of the second specimen in the slide; 4) Blow (1979, p. 990) considered that the "specimen" he had chosen as lectotype corresponds to CC no. 59500, whereas the other "specimen" (which he believed to correspond to pl. 24, figs. 6-8) corresponds to CC no. 59499; 5) however, the five illustrations (CC no. 59499) of Nuttall (1 930, pl. 24, figs. 6-8, 10,ll) that Blow (1 979, p. 990) believed to represent two specimens are, in actual fact, five specimens (see above and also Cifelli and Belford, 1977: "The type material consists of five cotypes that were figured in the original description and another group of cotypes that were unfigured" [CC no. 595001); 6) It is thus obvious that Blow (1979) and Cifelli and Belford (1 977) chose their respective lectotypes from the same sample (CC no. 59499) containing the five specimens deposited by Nuttall in 1930. Blow (1979, p. 990), however, had designated his lectotype based on two specimens; 7) it is difficult to state/determine which of the five specimens Cifelli and Belford (1977) designated as lectotype of aragonensis, although a comparison of their illustration (1977, pl. 1, figs. 7-9) with the five figured specimens of Nuttall (l 930, pl. 24, figs. 6-8, 10,ll) suggests it may well be that figured by Nuttall (1930, pl. 24, fig. 1) in as much as the illustration(s) of the spiral side of that specimen shows a strong similarity to that of Cifelli and Belford (1977, pl. 1, fig. 7). Blow had died in 1972 and his monograph did not appear (1979) until two years after the publication of the Cifelli and Belford paper (1977). Thus, his designation of a lectotype, while intriguing, is irrelevant to the taxonomic status of aragonensis. Blow (1 979, p. 990) indicated that he considered lensiformis to have been the direct ancestor of both crater and aragonensis. We agree with this viewpoint. Blow (1 979, p. 1006, 1007) also considered marksi Martin and naussi Martin as "ex interc. lensiformis and aragonensis" and as "primitive aragonensis", respectively, based on an examination of paratypes in the USNM. Examination of the holotypes of these two taxa (WAB) suggests that the morphologic differences between these forms and "typical" aragonensis are of a minor nature and that separate taxic distinction is not warranted. Morozovella aragonensis is one of the most distinctive and widely cited morozovellids in Eocene literature. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS.- This taxon evolved from M. lensiformis and does not appear to have left any descendants. STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE.- Base of Zone E5 (bydefinition) to top of Zone E9 (by definition). GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.- Widely distributed in (sub)tropical-Tethyan regions; common in Caribbean, Mediterranean-Pyrenees, North Caucasus, Indo-Pacific, among others. STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOBIOLOGY- Oxygen and carbon isotopes indicate a shallow mixed-layer habitat (Boersma and others, 1987; Pearson and others, 1993, 2001).
Systematics:

1
 Superregnum Eukaryota
  Regnum Protoctista
   Phylum Ciliophora
    Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora
     Ordo Globigerinida
      Superfamilia Globorotaliaceae
       Superfamilia Nonionacea
        Familia Truncorotaloididae
         Genus Morozovella
          Species Morozovella aragonensis

15
  Classis Foraminifera
   Genus Morozovella
    Species Morozovella aragonensis

32
 Ordo Foraminiferida
  Familia Globorotaliidae
   Genus Morozovella
    Species Morozovella aragonensis

35
  Ordo Foraminiferida
   Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
    Familia Truncorotaloididae
     Genus Morozovella
      Species Morozovella aragonensis
Synonym list:
Toumarkine & Luterbacher (1985):
1930 Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall. - Nuttall : p.288 pl 24 figs 6-11 (type reference)
1985 Morozovella aragonensis Nuttall. - Toumarkine & Luterbacher : p.114 figs 16.4-6
Van Eijden & Smit (1991):
1930 Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall. - Nuttall : p.288 pl. 24, figs. 6-11
1991 Morozovella aragonensis Nuttall. - Van Eijden & Smit : p.113
Pearson et al. (2006):
1930 Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall. - Nuttall : p.288 pl. 24; fig. 6-8, 10-11 (10-11: lectotype USNM 59500 selected by Blow, 1979:990); [lower Eocene Aragon Fm., La Antigua, Rio La Puerta, Tampico Embayment, Mexico]
1937 Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall. - Glaessner : p.10 pl. 1; fig. 5a-c [lower Eocene Lower Foraminiferal Beds, Il'skaya, north west Caucasus]
1943 Globorotalia marksi Martin. - Martin : p.115 pl. 8; fig. 1a-c [holotype, No. 7402, lower Eocene M. aragonensis Zone, Lodo Fm., Lodo Gulch, Fresno County, California]
1943 Globorotalia naussi Martin. - Martin : p.116 pl. 8; fig. 5-6 [holotype No. 7403, Lodo Fm type section, Lodo Gulch, Fresno Co., California]
1949 Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) aragonensis Nuttall. - Cushman & Bermudez : p.38 pl. 7; fig. 13-15 [Zone P9=E7, Universidad Fm., Avenida de los Presidentes, Vedado, Havana, Cuba]
1953 Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall. - Subbotina : p.215 pl. 18; fig. 6a-c [Zone of conical globorotaliids, Foraminiferal Beds, F1 unit, Nal'chik, Khieu River section, North Caucasus]; ?7a-c [Zone of compressed globorotaliids, lower White (subfish) Fm., Kolodets Koshak, Mangyshlak Peninsula, former soviet Union]
1957 Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall. - Bolli : p.75 pl. 18; fig. 7-9 [G. aragonensis Zone, upper Lizard Springs Fm., Trinidad]
1957 Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall. - Bolli : p.167 pl. 38; fig. 1a-c [middle Eoccne Hantkenina aragonensis Zone, Navet Fm., Trinidad]
1959 Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall. - Mallory : p.252 pl. 35; fig. 2a-c [lower Eocene Lode Fm., Ulatisian Stage, Devils Den, Fresno Co., California]
1961 Pseudogloborotalia aragonensis Nuttall. - Bermudez : p. 1338-1340 pl. 16; fig. 5a-c [lower Eocene Zone P9, Universidad Fm., Havana, Cuba]
1964 Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall. - Luterbacher : p. 696-698 fig. 121a-c, 212a-c [G. aragonensis Zone]; fig. 123a-c, 124a-c, 125a-126c [G. bullbrooki Zone, Gubbio section, Apennines, Italy]
1971 Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall. - Postuma : p.172 fig. on p. 173 [topotypes from La Antigua, Rio La Puerta, Tampico region, Mexico]
1974 Morozovella aragonensis aragonensis Nuttall. - Fleisher : p.1029 pl. 14; fig. 11 [Zone P1 1, DSDP Site 219, Indian Ocean]
1975 Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall. - Luterbacher : p.726 pl. 2; fig. 5a-c [Globorotalia aragonensis Zone, DSDP Site 305, South Atlantic Ocean]
1975 Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall. - Luterbacher : p.736 pl. 2, figs. 9,10 (not listed on p. 736 in 1O:CC; compare Table 2, p. 737); [probably Zone E9, but given as "G. lehneri to T rohri Zone", DSDP Site 305, South Atlantic Ocean]
1977 Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall. - Cifelli & Belford : p. 102-103 pl. 1 fig. 7-9 [lectotype, CC NO. 64893 designated; lower Eocene Aragon Fm., La Antigua, Rio La Puerta, Tampico Embayment, Mexico, referred to Truncorotaloides (Morozovella)]
1977 Morozovella aragonensis Nuttall. - Berggren : p.244 chart-no. 9 (various forms reillustrated from literature)
1979 Globorotalia (Morozovella) aragonensis Nuttall. - Blow : p.990 pl. 134, fig. 6 [Zone P8b, DSDP Hole 47.2, Shatsky Rise, northwest Pacific Ocean]; pl. 141, fig. 1,2; pl. 226, fig. 6 (detail of pl. 141, fig. 2) [Zone P8b, DSDP Site 5, Atlantic Ocean] and fig. 4-9 [Zone P8b, DSDP Site 5,Atlantic Ocean]; pl. 146, fig. 1,2 [Zone P9, DSDP Hole 47.2, Shatsky Rise, northwest Pacific Ocean]; pl. 147, fig. 5-7; pl. 152, fig. 1-5 [Zone P9, Kane 9-C piston core, Endeavour Seamount, equatorial Atlantic Ocean]; pl. 164, fig. 6-9; pl. 227, fig. 1-3; pl. 228, fig. 4,5 [Zone P1O, Kane 9-C piston core, Endeavour Seamount, equatorial Atlantic Ocean]; pl. 167, fig. 6-9; pl. 227, fig. 4; pl. 228, fig. 1-3; pl. 258, fig. 6 [Zone P11, Sample RS24, Kilwa area, Tanzania]
1985 Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall. - Toumarkine & Luterbacher : p.112 text-fig. 16.4a-c [=Nuttall, 1930, pl. 24, fig. 6-8 reillustrated; not holotype as stated; cf. Cifelli and Belford, 1977: 102-103 and Blow, 1979:990 who chose other illustrated specimen(s) as lectotype(s)]; 16.5a-c [reillustration of Bolli, 1957a, pl. 18, fig. 7-91; 16.6a-c [Subbotina, 1953, pl. 18: fig. 6a-c reillustrated].
1993 Morozovella aragonensis Nuttall. - Pearson et al. : p.124 pl. 2; fig. 1-3 [Zone P l 1, DSDP Site 523, South Atlantic Ocean]
2000 Morozovella aragonensis Nuttall. - Warraich et al. : p.293 fig. 17.6, 11, 12 [Zone P7, Dungan Fm., Rakhi Nala River, Sulaiman Range, Pakistan]
2001 Morozovella aragonensis Nuttall. - Warraich & Ogasawara : p.37 [Zone P7, Dungan Fm., Rakhi Nala River, Sulaiman Range, Pakistan]
2004 Morozovella aragonensis Nuttall. - Pearson et al. : p.37 pl. 2; fig. 12 [middle Eocene, Zone P1 1, Tanzania Drilling Project Site 2, Kilwa Masoko, Tanzania]
2006 Morozovella aragonensis Nuttall. - Pearson et al. : p.351 pl. 11.3; fig. 1-16 (Pl. 11.3, Figs. 1-3: new SEMs of lectotype of Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall)
Stratigraphy - absolute ages:
FAD: 52.3 ± 0 [Ma], Snyder & Waters (1985)
LAD: 43.6 ± 0 [Ma], Berggren et al. (1995)
Specimen:
Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., Inventory number: PP 64893
References:

Nuttall,W.L.F. (1930):
Eocene foraminifera from Mexico . Journal of Paleontology Vol. 4 p. 271-293

Glaessner,M.F. (1937):
Planktonische Foraminiferen aus der Kreide und dem Eozän und ihre stratigraphische Bedeutung.
In: Studies in Micropaleontology Vol. 1(1) p. 27-46

Martin,L.T. (1943):
Eocene formainifera from the type Lodo Formation, Fresno County, California . Stanford University Publications Geological Sciences Vol. 3 p. 93-125

Cushman,J.A. and Bermudez,P.J. (1949):
Some Cuban species of Globorotalia . Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Vol. 25 p. 26-44

Subbotina,N.N. (1953):
Iskopaemye foraminifery SSSR (Globigerinidy, Khantkenininidy i Globorotaliidy) . Trudy Vsesoyznogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Geologo-razvedochnogo Instituta (VNIGRI) Vol. 76 p. 296

Bolli,H.M. (1957):
The genera Globigerina and Globorotalia in the Paleocene-Lower Eocene Lizard Springs Formation of Trinidad, B.W.I . Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum Vol. 215 p. 61-82

Bolli,H.M. (1957):
Planktonic Foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad, B.W.I. . Bull. U.S. natl. Mus. Vol. 215 p. 155-172

Mallory,V.S. (1959):
Lower Tertiary Biostratigraphy of the California Coast Ranges. p. 146

Bermudez,P.J. (1961):
Contribucion al estudio de las Globigerinidea de la region Caribe-Antillana (Paleocene-Reciente).
In: Boletino Geologia (Venezuela), Special Publicacion Vol. 3

Luterbacher,H.P. (1964):
Studies in some Globorotalia from the Paleocene and Lower Eocene of the Central Apennines . Ecoglae geologicae Helvetiae Vol. 57 p. 631-730

Postuma,J.A. (1971):
Manual of Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 422 pp

Fleisher,R.L. (1974):
Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera and biostratigraphy, Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 23A.
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 23 Eds: Whitmarsh, R.B.Weser, O.E.Ross, D.A. p. 1001-1072

Luterbacher,H.P. (1975):
Paleocene and Early Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera Leg 32, Deep Sea Drilling Project.
In: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 32 Eds: Larson, R.L.Moberly, R.et al. p. 725-728

Cifelli,R. and Belford,D.J. (1977):
The Types of several Species of Tertiary Planktonic Foraminifera in the Collections of the U.S. National Museum of Natural History . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 7 p. 100-105

Berggren,W.A. (1977):
Atlas of Paleogene planktonic foraminifera. Some species of the genera Subbotina, Planorotalites, Morozovella, Acarinina and Truncorotaloides.
In: Oceanic Micropaleontology Eds: Ramsay, A.T.S. p. 205-299

Blow,W.H. (1979):
The Cainozoic Globigerinida. 3 Vols p. 1413 pp

Toumarkine,M. and Luterbacher,H.P. (1985):
Paleocene and Eocene Planktic Foraminifera.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy p. 87-154

Snyder,S.W. and Waters,V.J. (1985):
Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Goban Spur region.
In: Deep Sea Drilling Project Vol. 80

Van Eijden,A.J.M. and Smit,J. (1991):
Eastern Indian Ocean Cretaceous and Paleogene quantitative biostratigraphy.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 121 Eds: Weissel, J.Peirce, J.Taylor, E.Alt, J. p. 77-123

Pearson,P.N.; Shackleton,N.J. and Hall,M.A. (1993):
The Stable Isotope Paleoecology of Middle Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera and Multi-species integrated Isotope Stratigraphy . Journal of Foraminiferal Research Vol. 23 p. 123-140

Berggren,W.A.; Kent,D.V.; Swisher,C.C. and Aubry,M.P. (1995):
A revised Cenozoic Geochronology and Chronostratigraphy.
In: Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication Vol. 54

Warraich,M.Y..; Ogasawara,K.. and Nishi,H.. (2000):
Late Paleocene to early Eocene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Dungan Formation, Sulaiman Range, Central Pakistan . Paleontological Research Vol. 4 p. 275-301

Warraich,M.Y.. and Ogasawara,K.. (2001):
Tethyan Paleocene-Eocene planktic foraminifera from the Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir land sections of the Sulaiman Range, Pakistan . Science Reports of the Institute of Geoscience University of Tsukuba, section B Vol. 22 p. 1-59

Pearson,P.N.; Nicholas,C.J..; Singano,J.M..; Bown,P.R..; Coxali,H.K..; van Dongen,B.E..; Huber,B.T.; Karega,A..; Lees,J.A..; Misaky,E..; Pancost,R.D..; Pearson,M.. and Roberts,A.P.. (2004):
Paleogene and Cretaceous sediment cores from the Kilwa and Lindi areas of coastal Tanzania: Tanzania Drilling Project Sites 1-5 . Journal of African Earth Sciences Vol. 39 p. 25-62

Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006):
Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513
Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data
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