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Species Globigerinoides ruber d'Orbigny 1839


Diagnosis / Definition:
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983):
Test medium, low to high trochospire with three subspherical chambers in the final whorl, increasing moderately in size; sutures radial, distinctly depressed; surface coarsely perforate; thin secondary calcite crusts surround the spine bases; calcite crust developing between spine bases form a honeycombshaped surface (PI. 10, Fig. 6); umbilicus narrow, primary aperture interiomarginal, umbilical with a wide-arched opening bordered by a rim, with two supplementary sutural apertures situated opposite sutures of earlier chambers.
Discussion / Comments:
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983):
Gs. ruber is easily distinguished by the position of the primary and supplementary sutural apertures, which are always symmetrically placed above the suture between two earlier chambers.
Bolli & Saunders (1985):
This species with 3 chambers forming the last whorl is morphologically similar to G. trilobus trilobus, except for the position of the apertures, which are higher arched as in G. altiapertura, and positioned symmetrically above the sutures between earlier chambers. The species appeared first at about the same time as the G. trilobus complex, to continue virtually unchanged to the Holocene, except for an interruption from the Middle Miocene to within the Early Pliocene. It is possible that the later forms represent a new development of a morphologically very similar test shape. In fact, some authors place the Miocene forms of G. ruber in a separate subspecies, G. subquadratus. In a comparison of the morphological characters of the two taxa, Cordey (1967) came to the conclusion that separation is only possible when the tests are dissected and the ontogenetic, development is taken into account. Following Stainforth et al. (1975), it seems preferable to use the name ruber also for the Miocene forms, even though a preservation of the two names would aid in the distinction of the stratigraphically older and younger forms.
Vincent & Toumarkine (1990):
The early-middle Miocene species G. subquadratus was not separated in this report from the late middle Miocene to Holocene species G. ruber.
Chaisson & Leckie (1993):
Remarks: Most abundant in the uppermost Pliocene and Pleistocene (Cores 130-806B-6H-CC to 1H-2) in this hole, Globigerinoides ruber is very rare and sporadic below Core 130-806B-10H-2 (mid-Pliocene). The final chamber is often the smallest in the final whorl and may be asymmetric in umbilical view. Rare high-spired forms were also noted. Similar species: The LO of G. subquadratus in Core 130-806B- 40X-CC creates a large stratigraphic gap between these homeomorphs. See G. bollii.
Systematics:

1
 Superregnum Eukaryota
  Regnum Protoctista
   Phylum Ciliophora
    Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora
     Ordo Globigerinida
      Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
       Superfamilia Nonionacea
        Familia Globigerinidae
         Genus Globigerinoides
          Species Globigerinoides ruber
Synonym list:
Kennett & Srinivasan (1983):
1839 Globigerina rubra d'Orbigny. - d'Orbigny : p.82 pl 4 figs 12-14
Chaisson & d'Hondt (2000):
1839 Globigerina rubra d'Orbigny. - d'Orbigny : p.164 pl 9 figs 7-10
1983 Globigerinoides ruber d'Orbigny. - Kennett & Srinivasan : p.78 pl 4 figs 12-14
Bolli & Saunders (1985):
1839 Globigerina rubra d'Orbigny. - d'Orbigny : p.82 pl.4, figs.12-14
1954 Globigerinoides subquadrata Brönnimann. - Brönnimann : p.680 pl.1, figs.8a-c Synonym
1960 Globigerinoides ruber d'Orbigny. - Banner & Blow : p.19 pl.3, figs.8a-b Lectotype
1985 Globigerinoides ruber d'Orbigny. - Bolli & Saunders : p.193 figs. 20.1,2,6; 7,9,11
Vincent & Toumarkine (1990):
1839 Globigerina rubra d'Orbigny. - d'Orbigny : p. 82 p. 4, figs. 12-14
1954 Globigerinoides subquadratus Brönnimann. - Todd et al. : p. 680 pl. 1, figs. 5 and 8
1990 Globigerinoides ruber d'Orbigny. - Vincent & Toumarkine : p. 831 pl.2, figs. 20, 21
Chaisson & Leckie (1993):
1839 Globigerina rubra d'Orbigny. - d'Orbigny : p.82 pl. 4; fig. 12-14
1983 Globigerinoides ruber d'Orbigny. - Kennett & Srinivasan : p.10 fig. 6; pl. 17, fig. 1-3
Quilty (1976):
1839 Globigerinoides ruber d'Orbigny. - d'Orbigny : p.82 fig. 8; pl. 4, fig. 12-14
1960 Globigerinoides ruber d'Orbigny. - Banner & Blow : p.19 pl. 3, figs. 8a-b
1976 Globigerinoides ruber d'Orbigny. - Quilty : p.679 pl. 7, figs. 1-2
Was used in synonym list of:
Globigerinoides elongatus d'Orbigny 1826
References:

d'Orbigny,. (1839):
Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale, Foraminifčres. p. 1-86

d'Orbigny,A.D. (1839):
Foraminifčres.
In: Histoire Physique, Politique et Naturelle de l'ile de Cuba2 (atlas vol 8 pls 1-12) Eds: de la Sagra, R. p. 1-224

Todd,R.; Cloud,P.E.; Low,D. and Schmidt,R.G. (1954):
Probable occurrence of Oligocene on Saipan . Amer. Journ. Sci. Vol. 252 p. 673-682

Brönnimann,P. (1954):
Appendix: Descriptions of new species.
In: Probable Occurrence of Oligocene in Saipan, Am J. Sci Vol. 252(11) Eds: Todd, R.Cloud, P.E.Low, D.Schmidt, R.G. p. 680-682

Banner,F.T. and Blow,W.H. (1960):
Some primary types of species belonging to the superfamily Globigerinaceae . Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Vol. 11(1) p. 1-41

Quilty,P.G.. (1976):
Planctonic foraminifera DSDP Leg 34- Nazca Plata . DSDP initial reports Vol. 34

Kennett,J. and Srinivasan,M.S. (1983):
Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera - A Phylogenetic Atlas.

Bolli,H.M. and Saunders,J.B. (1985):
Oligocene to Holocene low latitude planktic foraminifers.
In: Plankton Stratigraphy Eds: Bolli, H.M.Saunders, J.B. p. 155-262

Vincent,E. and Toumarkine,M. (1990):
Neogene planktonic foraminifers from the Western Tropical Indian Ocean, Leg 115.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 115 Eds: Duncan, R.A..Backman, J.Peterson, L.C. p. 795-836

Chaisson,W.P. and Leckie,R.M. (1993):
High-Resolution Planktonic Foraminifer Biostratigraphy of Site 806, Ontong Java Plateau (Western Equatorial Pacific).
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 130 Eds: Berger, W.H.Kroenke, L.W..Mayer, L.A..et al. p. 137-178

Chaisson,W.P. and d'Hondt,S.L. (2000):
Neogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy at Site 999, Western Caribbean Sea.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 165 Eds: Leckie, R.M.Sigurdsson, H.Acton, G.D.Draper, G. p. 19-56
Anonymous: Unedited TaxonConcept data
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