Parasubbotina varianta Subbotina 1953 (TaxonConcept

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Species Parasubbotina varianta Subbotina 1953

Discussion / Comments:

Pearson et al. (2006):
n.b. Olsson and others (1999) provided a synonymy list and taxonomic description of this species. DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.- P. varianta is characterized primarily by its low trochospiral coiling and 4 very rapidly expanding chambers in the final whorl. Subbotina's holotype is a poorly preserved specimen but nevertheless shows the cancellate wall and inflated, closely appressed chambers that characterize the Parasubbotina clade. The holotype is about 0.2 mm in maximum diameter, but much larger specimens up to 0.5 mm have been reported (Subbotina, 1953; Olsson and others, 1999). The aperture of the holotype is difficult to discern because of adhering sediment, but the range of lower Danian hypotypes selected by Olsson and others (1999) show arched apertures bordered by a generally thin lip that in some specimens jut into the umbilicus as a poorly developed tooth-like structure. It is very difficult to place clear morphological bounds on the taxon as specimens differ widely in chamber arrangement and apertural characteristics. This was noted by Subbotina (l953) in her original description and probably accounts for the species name. Parasuhbotina varianta is distinguished from P. inaeguispira by its more closely appressed chambers, and from Parasubbotina griffinae by having less strongly inflated, less embracing chambers and a coarsely cancellate wall texture in contrast to the reticulate wall texture in P. griffinae. Paragloborotalia griffinoides n. sp. has a more quadrate, tightly coiled, compact test, and a thick continuous lip that borders the aperture. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS.- The Parasubbotina variantn plexus arose from P. pseudobulloides in the Danian (Olsson and others, 1999). It seems to have been the source of a major radiation in the upper paleocene - lower Eocene, when it gave rise to Globorotaloides quadrocameratus, P inaequispira, and Paragloborotalia griffinoides. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.- Widespread in low and middle latitudes. STABLE ISOTOPIC PALEOBI0LOGY.- See Olsson and others (1999). Eocene specimens have yet to be analysed

Systematics:

1
Superregnum Eukaryota
  Regnum Protoctista
   Phylum Ciliophora
    Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora
     Ordo Globigerinida
      Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
       Superfamilia Nonionacea
        Familia Eoglobigerinidae
         Familia Globigerinidae
          Genus Parasubbotina
           Species Parasubbotina varianta

17
Classis Foraminifera
  Genus Parasubbotina
   Species Parasubbotina varianta

19
  Ordo Foraminiferida
   Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
    Familia Eoglobigerinidae
     Familia Globigerinidae
      Genus Parasubbotina
       Species Parasubbotina varianta

35
  Ordo Foraminiferida
   Superfamilia Globigerinaceae
    Familia Globigerinidae
     Genus Parasubbotina
      Species Parasubbotina varianta

Synonym list:

Berggren & Norris (1997):

1947 Globigerina pseudobulloides Plummer. - Subbotina (non Plummer, 1926) : p. 106 pl. 4, figs. 8-10 (Zone of Danian foraminifers, Assa River, N Caucasus).

p 1953 Globigerina varianta Subbotina. - Subbotina : p. 63 pl. 3, figs. 5a-7c; figs. 10a-11c (Zone of rotaliiform Globorotalia, Elburgan Fm., Kuban River section, N Caucasus); figs. 12a-c (Zone of compressed Globorotalia, base of Lower White Series, Murzai-Tai, Mangyshlak Peninsula, SW Russia); pl. 4, figs. la-3c (Zone of rotaliiform Globorotalia, base Foraminiferal Layer Fl, Khieu River section, near Nal'chik, N Caucasus).

1953 Globigerina moskvini Shutskaya. - Shutskaya : p. 74-76 pl. 1, figs. 1-9; text-figs. 15,16 (holotype, figs. 1-3 and figs. 6-9 from Kuban Horizon, Danian Stage with Hercoglossa danica, Khieu River section, near Nal'chik, N Caucasus; figs. 15,16 from along Nal'chik River section, N Caucasqus).

1956 Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny. - Said & Kenaway (non d'Orbigny, 1826) : p. 157 pl. 7, figs. 26a, b (Bolivinoides delicatulus Zone, Esna Shale Formation, sample 7, Nekhl Section, N Sinai, Egypt; Danian Stage).

p 1957 Globigerina triloculinoides Plummer. - Bolli (non Plummer, 1926) : p. 70 pl. 17, figs. 25,26 (Gt. pusilla pusilla Zone, lower Lizard Springs Fm., Guayaguayare region, Trinidad (non pl. 15, figs. 18-20).

1961 Globigerina (Globigerina) microcellulosa Morozova. - Morozova : p. 14 pl. 1, figs. 2a-c (Zone Dn1II, lower substage [Michurino] of Danian Stage, Tarkhankut Peninsula, Crimea, SW Russia).

1962 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) varianta Subbotina. - von Hillebrandt : p. 125 pl. 12, figs. 10a-11b (Zone D=G. pusilla Zone, Reichenhall- Salzburg Basin, Austria).

1963 Globigerina pseudobulloides varianta Subbotina. - Gohrbandt : p. 45 pl. 1, figs. 10-18 (Zone A=Zone Pl, Oichinger Beds of the South Helvetikum, Salzburg Basin, Austria).

1965 Globorotalia varianta Subbotina. - Berggren : text-fig. 12 (Zone P2, Mexia Clay Member, Wills Point Fm., Midway Group, NE Texas).

1966 Globigerina varianta Subbotina. - Serova : p.69 figs. 4a-6c (Paleocene, lower part of Kubov Group, Kronotsky Peninsula, E Kamchatka).

1966 Globigerina moskvini Shutskaya. - Serova : p. 70,71 pl. 12, figs. 8a-c (Paleocene, lower part of Kubov Group, Kronotsky Peninsula, E Kamchatka).

1970 Globigerina varianta Subbotina. - Shutskaya : p. 118-120, 210 pl. 18, figs. 5a-c (upper Subzone of Gl. trivialis-Gl. daubjergensis-Gl. compressa Zone, Khazin-Don River section, N Ossetiya, N Caucasus); p. 212, pl. 19, figs. 12a-c (Ac. inconstans Zone, Urukh River section, N Ossetiya, N Caucasus); p. 216, pl. 21, figs. 4a-c (Ac. praepentacamerata Zone, Urukh River section, N Ossetiya, N Caucasus).

1970 Globigerina varianta Subbotina. - Shutskaya : p. 80-83 pl. 1, figs. 1a-c (= holotype of Subbotina 1953, pl.3, figs. 5a-c refigured); 6a-c (Gl . trivialis-Gl. daubjergensis-Gl. compressa Zone, second faunal beds, Urukh River section, N Ossetiya, N Caucasus); 7a-c (same zone as fig. 6, first faunal bed, Khazin-Don River section, N Ossetiya, N Caucasus).

1970 Globigerina moskvini Shutskaya. - Shutskaya : p. 118-12a, 210 pl. 18, figs. 3a-c (upper Subzone of Gl. compressa-Gl. daubjergensis-Gl. compressa Zone, Chaaldzhin Group, Malyi Balkhan, W Turkmenia); p. 214, pl. 20, figs. 5a-c (Gt. angulata Zone, Chaaldzhin Group, Malyi Balkhan, W Turkmenia); p. 220, pl. 23, figs. 2a-c (lower Subzone of Ac. tajikistanensis djanensis Zone, Kachan Stage, lower Danatin Subgroup, Malyi Balkhan Ridge, W Turkmenia).

1970 Globigerina moskvini Shutskaya. - Shutskaya : p. 83 pl. 1, figs. 4a-c (Ac. tadjikistanensis djanensis Zone, lower Danatin Subgroup, Malyi Balkhan Ridge, W Turkmenia); 5a-c (Ac. inconstans Zone, first faunal beds, middle part of Chaaldzhin Group, Malyi Balkhan Ridge, W Turkmenia).

1990 Subbotina pseudobulloides Plummer. - Stott & Kennett (non Plummer, 1926) : p. 559 pl. 2, figs. 13, 14 (Zone APlb, ODP 113/690C/14X/3; 36-40cm; Maude Rise, Weddell Sea, Antarctic Ocean).

1991 Subbotina varianta Subbotina. - Huber : p. 441 pl. 4, figs. 6,7 (Zone AP5, ODP 119/738/11R: 286.05 mbsf; Kerguelen Plateau, S Indian Ocean).

1992 Subbotina varianta Subbotina. - Berggren : p. 563 pl. 1, fig 3 (Zone P1c; ODP 120/747 A/19H/CC; Kerguelen Plateau, S Indian Ocean).

1997 Parasubbotina varianta Subbotina. - Berggren & Norris : p. 81 Plate 5 Figures 17-22; Plate 6, Figures 1-3, 5

Olsson et al. (1999):

p 1953 Globigerina varianta Subbotina. - Subbotina : p. 63 holotype: pl. 3, figs. 5a-c; paratypes: figs. 6a-7c, 10a-11c (Zone of rotaliiform Globorotalia, Elburgan Fm., Kuban River section, North Caucasus); figs. 12a-c (Zone of compressed Globorotalia, base of Lower White Series, Murzai-Tai, Mangyshlak Peninsula, SW Russia); pl. 4, figs. 1a-3c (Zone of rotaliiform Globorotalia, base Foraminiferal Layer F1, Khieu River section, near Nal'chik, North Caucasus).

1962 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) varianta Subbotina. - von Hillebrandt : p. 125 pl. 12, figs. 10a-c, 11a,b (Zone D, Reichenhall-Salzburg Basin, Austro-German border).

1979 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) quadrilocula Blow. - Blow : p. 1109 holotype: pl. 87, fig. 7 (Zone P3, DSDP 47.2/10/1: 72-74 cm); paratypes: pl. 75, fig. 8 (Zone P1, Lindi, Tanzania), pl. 78, figs. 2-4 (Zone P2, DSDP 20C/6/4: 72-74 cm), pl. 83, fig. 3 (Zone P2, DSDP 47.2/10/3: 78-80 cm), pl. 87, fig. 8 (Zone P1, Lindi, Tanzania).

1992 Subbotina varianta Subbotina. - Berggren : p. 563 pl. 1, fig. 3 (ODP 747A/19H/CC, southern Kerguelen Plateau).

Pearson et al. (2006):

2006 Parasubbotina varianta Subbotina. - Pearson et al. : p.97 pl. 5.13; fig. 1-16 (Pl. 5.13, Figs. 1-3: new SEMs of holotype of Globigerina varianta Subbotina)

Stratigraphy - absolute ages:

FAD: 63 ± 0 [Ma], Berggren et al. (1995) DSDP Leg 43 Site 384
LAD: 59.2 ± 0 [Ma], Berggren et al. (1995)

Specimen:

VNIGRI collections, St. Petersburg, Inventory number: 3994
VNIGRI collections, St. Petersburg, Inventory number: 3995
VNIGRI collections, St. Petersburg, Inventory number: 3996
VNIGRI collections, St. Petersburg, Inventory number: 3997
VNIGRI collections, St. Petersburg, Inventory number: 3998
VNIGRI collections, St. Petersburg, Inventory number: 3999
VNIGRI collections, St. Petersburg, Inventory number: 4000
VNIGRI collections, St. Petersburg, Inventory number: 4001
VNIGRI collections, St. Petersburg, Inventory number: 4002
VNIGRI collections, St. Petersburg, Inventory number: 4003

References:

Subbotina,N.N. (1947):
Foraminifery datskikh i paleogenovykh otlozhenii severnogo Kavkaza.
In: Mikrofauna neftyanykh mestorozhdenii Kavkaza, Emby I Srednei Azii Vol. 1 p. 39-160

Shutskaya,E. (1953):
Raschlenenie kubanskogo i elburganskogo gorizontov Severnogo Kavkaza po globigerinam . Byulletin Moskovskogo Obschestva Ispytately Prirody Vol. 58(28) p. 71-79

Subbotina,N.N. (1953):
Iskopaemye foraminifery SSSR (Globigerinidy, Khantkenininidy i Globorotaliidy) . Trudy Vsesoyznogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Geologo-razvedochnogo Instituta (VNIGRI) Vol. 76 p. 296

Said,R. and Kenaway,A. (1956):
Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary Foraminifera from Northern Sinai, Egypt . Micropaleontology Vol. 2 p. 105-173

Bolli,H.M. (1957):
The genera Globigerina and Globorotalia in the Paleocene-Lower Eocene Lizard Springs Formation of Trinidad, B.W.I . Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum Vol. 215 p. 61-82

Morozova,V.G. (1961):
Datsko-Montskie planktonnye foraminifery yuga SSSR . Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal Vol. 2

von Hillebrandt,A. (1962):
Das Paleozän und seine Foraminiferenfauna im Becken von Reichenhall und Salzburg. , Abhandlungen - Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse Vol. 108 p. 181

Gohrbandt,K.H.A. (1963):
Zur Gliederung der Paläogen im Helvetikum nördlich Salzburg nach planktonischen Foraminiferen. I. Teil: Paleozän und tiefstes Untereozän . Mitteilungen der Geologischen Gesellschaft in Wien Vol. 56 p. 1-116

Berggren,W.A. (1965):
Some Problems of Paleocene-lower Eocene Planktonic Foraminiferal Correlations . Micropaleontology Vol. 11 p. 278-300

Serova,M.Y. (1966):
O taksonomicheskom znachenii nekotorykh morfologicheskikh priznakov predstaviteley semeystva Rzehakinidae i yego sistematicheskom polozhenii [The taxonomic value of certain morphologic features of members of the family Rzehakinidae and its systematic position] . Voporsy Mikropaleontologii Vol. 10 p. 270-287

Shutskaya,E.K. (1970):
Stratigrafiya, foraminifery i paleogeografiya nizhnego paleogena Kryma, predkavkaz'ya i zapadnoi chadsti srednei azii. , Vsesoyuznyi naucho-issledovadetel'skii geologo-razvedochniyi neftyanoi institut (VNIGRI) Vol. 70

Blow,W.H. (1979):
The Cainozoic Globigerinida. 3 Vols p. 1413 pp

Stott,L.D. and Kennett,J.P. (1990):
Antarctic Paleogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy: ODP Leg 113, Sites 689 and 690.
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program Vol. 113 p. 549-569

Huber,B.T. (1991):
Paleogene and early Neogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy of Sites 738 and 744, Kerguelen Plateau (southern Indian Ocean).
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 119 Eds: Leckie, R.M.Sigurdsson, H.Acton, G.D.Draper, G. p. 427-449

Berggren,W.A. (1992):
Paleogene Planktonic Foraminifera Magnetobiostratigraphy of the Southern Kerguelen Plateau (Sites 747-749).
In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Vol. 120

Berggren,W.A.; Kent,D.V.; Swisher,C.C. and Aubry,M.P. (1995):
A revised Cenozoic Geochronology and Chronostratigraphy.
In: Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication Vol. 54

Berggren,W.A. and Norris,R.D. (1997):
Biostratigraphy, phylogeny and systematics of Paleocene trochospiral planktic foraminifera . Micropaleontology Vol. 43(suppl. 1) p. 1-116

Olsson,R.K.; Berggren,W.A.; Hemleben,C. and Huber,B.T. (1999):
Atlas of Paleocene planktonic foraminifera - online version. , Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Vol. 85 p. 1-252

Pearson,P.N.; Olsson,R.K.; Hemleben,C.; Huber,B.T. and Berggren,W.A. (2006):
Atlas of Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. p. 1-513

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